计及储能随机接入退出行为的互联电网自适应负荷频率控制策略

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202502011

中国电力 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (9): 164-174.DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202502011

计及储能随机接入退出行为的互联电网自适应负荷频率控制策略

满林坤¹(), 吴珂鸣¹, 迟成¹, 尤金石², 赵梓潼³, 张亚健⁴()

1. 国家电网有限公司东北分部，辽宁沈阳　110000
2. 国网白山供电公司，吉林白山　134300
3. 华北电力大学，河北保定　071000
4. 上海大学，上海　200444

收稿日期:2025-02-10 发布日期:2025-09-26 出版日期:2025-09-28
作者简介:
满林坤（1992），男，工程师，从事电力市场、电力系统研究，E-mail：849031168@qq.com
张亚健（1991），男，通信作者，副教授，从事电力系统网络化控制、综合能源系统研究，E-mail：zhang_ya_jian@shu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家电网有限公司科技项目（东北电网新型储能参与电力市场机制与运行效果评估推演的关键技术研究，529926240003）。

Adaptive Load Frequency Control Strategy for Interconnected Power Systems Considering Stochastic Access/Exit Behaviors of Energy Storage Systems

MAN Linkun¹(), WU Keming¹, CHI Cheng¹, YOU Jinshi², ZHAO Zitong³, ZHANG Yajian⁴()

1. Northeast Branch of State Grid Corporation of China, Shenyang 110000, China
2. State Grid Baishan Power Supply Company, Baishan 134300, China
3. North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071000, China
4. Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China

Received:2025-02-10 Online:2025-09-26 Published:2025-09-28
Supported by:
This work is supported by Science and Technology Project of SGCC (Research on Key Technologies for the Evaluation and Simulation of the Participation Mechanism and Operation Effect of New Energy Storage in Northeast Power Grid, No.529926240003).

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用储能参与互联电网负荷频率控制（load frequency control，LFC）可有效提升电网的频率韧性。然而，受到荷电状态、突发物理故障等因素影响，储能随机接入或退出可能造成LFC系统结构的不确定变化，不利于控制策略的设计。为此，提出基于异步切换的自适应LFC策略。首先，预设了一系列储能参与LFC的场景，针对每个场景，通过构造Lyapunov泛函确定控制参数设计约束。其次，针对储能随机接入/退出行为，基于平均驻留时间技术推导控制参数在任意2个场景间切换时的更新准则。最后，以最小化任意2个运行场景间的平均驻留时间为目标，设计基于和声搜索的LFC参数优化方法，有效提升电网对储能随机接入/退出行为的容忍度。仿真结果表明，与不考虑储能接入/退出的方案相比，所提方法有效降低了储能接入/退出行为对LFC系统动态行为的冲击影响。

关键词: 互联电网, 负荷频率控制, 异步切换, 储能系统, 自适应控制

Abstract:

Utilizing energy storage systems (ESSs) to participate in load frequency control (LFC) can effectively improve the frequency stability of power systems. However, due to such factors as state of charge or sudden physical failures, the random access or exit of ESSs may cause uncertain changes in LFC structure, which is not conducive to the controller design. In this paper, an asynchronous switched adaptive LFC strategy is proposed. Firstly, a series of possible scenarios for ESSs to participate in LFC were pre-set. For each scenario, the control parameter design constraints were determined by constructing Lyapunov functionals. Secondly, to address the uncertainties of LFC structure caused by random access/exit of ESSs, update criteria for control parameters switching between any two scenarios were derived based on the average dwell time technique. Finally, to minimize the average dwell time between any two operating scenarios, an LFC parameter optimization method based on harmony search was designed to effectively improve the tolerance of the power system for stochastic energy storage access/exit behaviors. Simulation results show that compared with existing control schemes that do not consider the factors of access/exit of ESSs, the proposed method can effectively reduce the impact of ESSs' access/exit on the dynamic behaviors of LFC system.

Key words: interconnected power system, load frequency control, asynchronous switch, energy storage system, adaptive control

中图分类号:

TM76.2

满林坤, 吴珂鸣, 迟成, 尤金石, 赵梓潼, 张亚健. 计及储能随机接入退出行为的互联电网自适应负荷频率控制策略[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(9): 164-174.

MAN Linkun, WU Keming, CHI Cheng, YOU Jinshi, ZHAO Zitong, ZHANG Yajian. Adaptive Load Frequency Control Strategy for Interconnected Power Systems Considering Stochastic Access/Exit Behaviors of Energy Storage Systems[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(9): 164-174.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202502011

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V58/I9/164

图/表 13

图 1 网络化LFC架构

Fig.1 Networked LFC framework

图 2 自适应LFC架构

Fig.2 Adaptive LFC framework

图 3 控制器增益异步更新过程

Fig.3 Asynchronous switching process of controller gains

图 4 控制参数优化流程

Fig.4 Optimization flow of control parameters

图 5 阶跃扰动仿真条件

Fig.5 Simulation conditions for step power fluctuations

图 6 储能接入/退出场景

Fig.6 Access/Exit scenarios of ESSs

图 7 阶跃扰动下动态响应

Fig.7 Dynamic responses under step power fluctuations

表 1 阶跃扰动下控制性能

Table 1 Control performance under step power fluctuations

方案	A_CE		ΔP_tie		Δf
方案	振幅 (p.u.)	IAE/ ((p.u.)·s)	振幅 (p.u.)	IAE/ ((p.u.)·s)	振幅/ Hz	IAE/ (Hz·s)
本文	0.0228	0.0548	4.95×10^–4	0.00226	3.83×10^–4	0.00103
1	0.0250	0.0542	5.46×10^–4	0.00235	4.16×10^–4	0.00101
2	0.0245	0.0544	5.61×10^–4	0.00251	4.10×10^–4	0.00102
3	0.0229	0.0586	6.01×10^–4	0.00300	3.87×10^–4	0.00111

表 2 随机扰动下控制性能

Table 2 Control performance under stochastic fluctuations

方案	ACE绝对值误差积分/((p.u.)·s)	ΔP_tie绝对值误差积分/((p.u.)·s)	Δf绝对值误差积分/(Hz·s)
本文	0.13814	0.00282	0.00240
1	0.14399	0.00312	0.00252
2	0.14959	0.00297	0.00262
3	0.14088	0.00347	0.00247

图 8 两区域内负荷扰动

Fig.8 Load demand disturbances in two areas

图 9 源荷双重波动下LFC动态响应

Fig.9 Dynamic responses of LFC system under supply-and-demand fluctuations

图 10 储能随机参与LFC下的动态响应

Fig.10 Dynamic responses of LFC system with random participations of ESSs

表 3 储能是否参与时控制性能

Table 3 Control performance with/without participation of ESS

场景	ACE		ΔP_tie		Δf
场景	振幅 (p.u.)	IAE/ ((p.u.)·s)	振幅 (p.u.)	IAE/ ((p.u.)·s)	振幅/ Hz	IAE/ (Hz·s)
1	0.02285	0.05482	4.946×10^–4	0.00226	3.826×10^–4	0.00103
2	0.02500	0.03732	5.458×10^–4	0.00153	4.163×10^–4	0.00070

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计及储能随机接入退出行为的互联电网自适应负荷频率控制策略

Adaptive Load Frequency Control Strategy for Interconnected Power Systems Considering Stochastic Access/Exit Behaviors of Energy Storage Systems

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计及储能随机接入退出行为的互联电网自适应负荷频率控制策略

Adaptive Load Frequency Control Strategy for Interconnected Power Systems Considering Stochastic Access/Exit Behaviors of Energy Storage Systems

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