基于MMC的超级电容与蓄电池混合储能系统及其混合同步控制策略

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202311047

中国电力 ›› 2024, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (6): 78-89.DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202311047

• 新型电力系统储能规划与运行关键技术 • 上一篇下一篇

基于MMC的超级电容与蓄电池混合储能系统及其混合同步控制策略

曹宇¹(), 胡鹏飞¹(), 蔡婉琪²(), 王曦³(), 江道灼¹(), 梁一桥⁴

1. 浙江大学电气工程学院，浙江杭州　310027
2. 国网浙江省电力有限公司培训中心，浙江杭州　310000
3. 国网四川省电力公司电力科学研究院，四川成都　610065
4. 浙江大学城市学院信息与电气工程学院，浙江杭州　310000

收稿日期:2023-11-10 接受日期:2024-04-16 出版日期:2024-06-28 发布日期:2024-06-25
作者简介:曹宇（1998—），男，硕士研究生，从事新能源并网控制策略研究，E-mail：22110017@zju.edu.cn
胡鹏飞（1988—），男，通信作者，研究员，博士生导师，从事柔性交直流输电系统、新能源并网及控制研究，E-mail：hpf@zju.edu.cn
江道灼（1960—），男，教授，博士生导师，从事电力电子技术在电力系统的应用研究，E-mail：dzjiang@zju.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目（面向中压主动配电网的新型混合储能系统及其模型预测控制研究，52007167）；浙江省自然科学基金资助项目（基于MMC的新型混合储能系统及其控制策略研究，LQ21E070004）。

MMC Based Super Capacitor and Battery Hybrid Energy Storage System and Hybrid Synchronous Control Strategy

Yu CAO¹(), Pengfei HU¹(), Wanqi CAI²(), Xi WANG³(), Daozhuo JIANG¹(), Yiqiao LIANG⁴

1. College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
2. State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd. Training Center, Hangzhou 310000, China
3. State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Co., Ltd. Electric Power Research Institute, Chengdu 610065, China
4. School of Information & Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310000, China

Received:2023-11-10 Accepted:2024-04-16 Online:2024-06-28 Published:2024-06-25
Supported by:
This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Novel Hybrid Energy Storage System and Its Model Predictive Control Method for Medium-Voltage Active Distribution Network, No.52007167) and Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (Modular Multilevel Converter Based Novel Hybrid Energy Storage System and Its Control Strategy, No.LQ21E070004).

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为满足储能系统提供惯量和一次调频支撑功能需要对多类型储能介质集中配置和优化调控的需求，针对基于模块化多电平换流器（modular multilevel converter，MMC）的新型混合储能系统（hybrid energy storage system，HESS）MMC-HESS，提出了混合同步控制（hybrid synchronous control，HSC）整体策略。MMC-HESS采用模块化设计，将超级电容和蓄电池分别安置在高压直流母线侧和子模块内，具备高功率密度和高能量密度的优势。阐述了混合储能系统的拓扑结构和工作原理并采用混合同步控制策略提供系统惯量和一次调频功能及故障限流时的同步能力和孤岛并网切换功能，采用滤波器实现储能功率分配，采用荷电状态（state of charge，SOC）均衡控制实现蓄电池能量均衡。最后，基于硬件在环实验平台，验证了所提拓扑结构与控制策略的可行性和有效性。实验结果表明：所提混合储能系统及其控制策略具备惯量与频率支撑能力，在故障限流、正常并网、孤岛运行之间可灵活切换，能够有效发挥混合储能的综合优势，在中压配电网中具有良好的应用前景。

关键词: 模块化多电平换流器, 超级电容, 蓄电池, 混合储能系统, 混合同步控制, 荷电状态均衡

Abstract:

To meet the requirements of energy storage system to provide inertia and primary frequency regulation for centralized configuration and optimal control of multiple energy storage media, an overall hybrid synchronous control (HSC) strategy is proposed for modular multilevel converter (MMC) based hybrid energy storage system (HESS). The modular design method is adopted for MMC-HESS, where the super capacitors (SC) and batteries are placed in the DC bus side and in the sub-module (SM) respectively, which has advantages of high power density and high energy density. The topology and working principle of HESS are analyzed, and the HSC strategy is used to provide system inertia and primary frequency regulation, as well as the synchronization capability and isolation control function for fault current limiting. The filter is employed for distributing power of energy storage, and the state of charge (SOC) balancing control is used for battery energy regulation. Finally, based on the hardware-in-the-loop experimentation platform, the MMC-HESS topology and control strategy proposed in this paper are verified. The experimental results indicate that the proposed HSC-MMC-HESS is able to provide inertia and frequency support capability, and switch flexibly between fault current-limiting, normal grid-connection and island operation, giving a full play to the comprehensive advantages of hybrid energy storage. The application of HSC-MMC-HESS has good prospects in medium-voltage distribution network.

Key words: modular multilevel converter, super capacitor, battery, hybrid energy storage system, hybrid synchronous control, state of charge balancing

曹宇, 胡鹏飞, 蔡婉琪, 王曦, 江道灼, 梁一桥. 基于MMC的超级电容与蓄电池混合储能系统及其混合同步控制策略[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(6): 78-89.

Yu CAO, Pengfei HU, Wanqi CAI, Xi WANG, Daozhuo JIANG, Yiqiao LIANG. MMC Based Super Capacitor and Battery Hybrid Energy Storage System and Hybrid Synchronous Control Strategy[J]. Electric Power, 2024, 57(6): 78-89.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202311047

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2024/V57/I6/78

图/表 20

图 1 MMC-HESS拓扑结构

Fig.1 The topology of MMC-HESS

图 2 单相等效电路

Fig.2 Single phase equivalent circuit

图 3 HSC功率环控制框图

Fig.3 The block diagram of HSC power control

图 4 低电压穿越与脱网曲线

Fig.4 Low voltage ride-through and escape line

图 5 电压环控制框图

Fig.5 The block diagram of voltage loop

图 6 电压电流双环控制框图

Fig.6 The block diagram of voltage and current double-loop control

图 7 并、离网控制策略与孤岛检测策略

Fig.7 Connection strategy and isolation detection

图 8 交流侧控制策略框图

Fig.8 The block diagram of AC side control strategy

图 9 直流侧功率控制框图

Fig.9 The control block diagram of DC side power control

图 10 环流控制框图

Fig.10 The block diagram of circulating current control

图 11 桥臂内SOC均衡控制

Fig.11 SOC balancing control in single arm

图 12 整体控制策略框图

Fig.12 The block diagram of overall control strategy

图 13 硬件在环实验平台

Fig.13 The hardware-in-the-loop experimentation platform

表 1 混合同步控制的MMC混合储能系统参数

Table 1 HSC controlled MMC-HESS parameters

结构	参数			标识	设置
网侧	电压等级/kV			V_base	10
	额定频率/Hz			f₀	50
	额定容量/(MV·A)			S_base	10
	线路电感(p.u.)			L_s	0.2
	线路电阻(p.u.)			R_s	0.002
LC滤波器	串联电感(p.u.)			L_f	0.2
	电感寄生电阻(p.u.)			R_f	0.02
	并联电容(p.u.)			C_f	0.02
	电容寄生电阻(p.u.)			R_Cf	0.1
桥臂结构	单个桥臂子模块级联数			N	8
	桥臂电感/mH			L₀	12
	桥臂电阻/Ω			R₀	0.1
	子模块内部并联电容/mF			C₀	8.4
蓄电池	单个额定电压/kV			V_Br	2.5
	单个额定容量/(A·h)			Q_Br	20
	S_OC初始值/%	A相	上桥臂	S_OCpa	45
		A相	下桥臂	S_OCna	47
		B相	上桥臂	S_OCpb	51
		B相	下桥臂	S_OCnb	49
		C相	上桥臂	S_OCpc	53
		C相	下桥臂	S_OCnc	55
直流侧超级电容	串联电容总值/F			C_SC	1
	工作电压上边界/kV			U_SCmax	11
	工作电压下边界/kV			U_SCmin	1
HSC 功率环	虚拟惯量系数(p.u.)			J	2.5
	阻尼系数(p.u.)			D_p	100
	PLL分量比例系数(p.u.)			K_p	10
电压内环	比例系数(p.u.)			K_pv	0.5
电压内环	积分系数(p.u.)			K_iv	500
电流内环	比例系数(p.u.)			K_pi	1
电流内环	积分系数(p.u.)			K_ii	200
SC功率	高频分量补偿系数(p.u.)			K_H	5
SC功率	低频分量补偿系数(p.u.)			K_L0	0.5
直流电流环	比例系数(p.u.)			K_pDC	0.5
直流电流环	积分系数(p.u.)			K_iDC	100
SOC均衡	相间SOC均衡系数(p.u.)			K_ph	50
	上下桥臂SOC均衡系数(p.u.)			K_arm	40
	环流直流分量限幅(p.u.)			I_{DCcir_lim}	3
	环流交流分量限幅(p.u.)			I_{ACcir_lim}	2
	排序优先级SOC死区/%			D_B	0.1

图 14 A相电压电流波形

Fig.14 Voltage and current curve of A phase

图 15 功率曲线

Fig.15 Power curves

图 16 电网频率曲线

Fig.16 Frequency curves of grid side generator

图 17 电压跌落时的电压与输出功率

Fig.17 Voltage and output power curves during voltage source dropping

图 18 跌落至0.1 p.u.的A相电压电流波形

Fig.18 Voltage and current curves of A phase during voltage source dropping to 0.1 p.u.

图 19 桥臂均值与B相下桥臂各子模块的SOC曲线

Fig.19 SOC curves of bridge arm and sub-module in B phase lower arm

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[11]	席嫣娜, 李笑彤, 李子明, 魏应冬, 李笑倩, 王方敏, 李伟, 李伟瑞. 用于城轨直流牵引系统的混合型MMC全桥子模块比例设计方法[J]. 中国电力, 2022, 55(4): 54-62.
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基于MMC的超级电容与蓄电池混合储能系统及其混合同步控制策略

MMC Based Super Capacitor and Battery Hybrid Energy Storage System and Hybrid Synchronous Control Strategy

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基于MMC的超级电容与蓄电池混合储能系统及其混合同步控制策略

MMC Based Super Capacitor and Battery Hybrid Energy Storage System and Hybrid Synchronous Control Strategy

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