考虑需求侧响应的互联电力系统分布式模型预测频率控制

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202408081

中国电力 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (7): 105-114.DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202408081

考虑需求侧响应的互联电力系统分布式模型预测频率控制

张博航¹(), 戚军²(), 谢路耀², 张有兵², 张博扬³

1. 河海大学电气与动力工程学院，江苏南京　211100
2. 浙江工业大学信息工程学院，浙江杭州　310023
3. 中铁十五局集团地下工程有限公司，江苏扬州　225001

收稿日期:2024-08-23 发布日期:2025-07-30 出版日期:2025-07-28
作者简介:
张博航（1999），男，硕士研究生，从事新型电力系统运行控制研究，E-mail：zbh13819114855@qq.com
戚军（1981），女，通信作者，博士，副教授，从事新型电力系统运行控制、新能源发电技术研究，E-mail：qijun@zjut.edu.cn
基金资助:
浙江省科技计划项目（300 kW大功率组串式光伏并网逆变器-320 kW超高功率密度智能组串式光伏逆变器开发与应用，2023C01228）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（基于海量柔性资源在线识别的自组织市场机制与灵活响应方法研究，U22B20116）。

Distributed Model Predictive Frequency Control of Interconnected Power Systems Considering Demand Response

ZHANG Bohang¹(), QI Jun²(), XIE Luyao², ZHANG Youbing², ZHANG Boyang³

1. School of Electrical and Power Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
2. School of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
3. China Railway 15th Bureau Group Underground Engineering Co., Ltd., Yangzhou 225001, China

Received:2024-08-23 Online:2025-07-30 Published:2025-07-28
Supported by:
This work is supported by the Science and Technology Plan Project of Zhejiang Province (Development and Application of 300 kW High-Power String Photovoltaic Grid Connected Inverter-320 kW Ultra-High Power Density Intelligent String Photovoltaic Inverter, No.2023C01228), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Research on Self-organizing Market Mechanism and Flexible Response Method based on Online Recognition of Massive Flexible Resources, No.U22B20116).

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

新型电力系统面临惯性降低、调频容量减少导致频率失稳风险上升的问题，需求侧响应（demand response，DR）作为灵活的调频技术，成为解决电力系统频率失稳的重要手段。首先，建立需求侧资源参与互联电力系统调频的频率稳定分析及负荷频率控制（load frequency control，LFC）模型；其次，设计需求侧资源参与互联电力系统调频的分布式模型预测控制（distributed model predictive control，DMPC）算法，推导DMPC控制DR参与互联电力系统调频的预测模型，进而设计互联电力系统DMPC的调频控制器；最后，仿真分析自动发电控制方式、DR方式、DR容量和DR通信延时对系统频率稳定性的影响。仿真算例表明，所设计的调频控制器具有良好的调频性能，DR能提升系统频率暂态稳定。

关键词: 需求侧响应, 负荷频率控制模型, 分布式模型预测控制, 互联电力系统

Abstract:

The new type of power system is facing the problem of increasing risk of frequency instability due to reduced inertia and decreased frequency regulation capacity. As a flexible frequency regulation technology, demand response (DR) has become an important means to solve the frequency instability of power systems. Firstly, a frequency stability analysis and load frequency control (LFC) model for demand-side resources participating in frequency regulation of interconnected power systems are established. Secondly, a distributed model predictive control (DMPC) algorithm for demand-side resources participating in frequency regulation of interconnected power systems is designed. The prediction model of DMPC controlling DR to participate in frequency regulation of interconnected power systems is derived, and then the frequency regulation controller of DMPC for interconnected power systems is designed. Finally, the impact of automatic generation control mode, DR mode, DR capacity and DR communication delay on system frequency stability is analyzed through simulation. Simulation examples show that the designed frequency regulation controller has good frequency regulation performance and DR can enhance the system’s frequency transient stability.

Key words: demand response, load frequency control model, distributed model predictive control, interconnected power system

张博航, 戚军, 谢路耀, 张有兵, 张博扬. 考虑需求侧响应的互联电力系统分布式模型预测频率控制[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(7): 105-114.

ZHANG Bohang, QI Jun, XIE Luyao, ZHANG Youbing, ZHANG Boyang. Distributed Model Predictive Frequency Control of Interconnected Power Systems Considering Demand Response[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(7): 105-114.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202408081

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V58/I7/105

图/表 14

图 1 DR参与互联电力系统一次调频的LFC模型

Fig.1 LFC model of DR participating in primary frequency regulation of interconnected power systems

图 2 DR参与互联电力系统二次调频的LFC模型

Fig.2 LFC model of DR participating secondary frequency regulation of interconnected power systems

图 3 MPC系统结构

Fig.3 Structure of the MPC system

图 4 DMPC调频控制系统结构

Fig.4 Structure of the DMPC frequency regulation control system

图 5 DMPC调频控制器流程

Fig.5 Flow chart of the DMPC frequency regulation controller

图 6 三区域互联电力系统结构

Fig.6 Structure of a three-area interconnected power system

图 7 不同自动发电控制器调频仿真结果

Fig.7 Simulation result of frequency regulation by different automatic generation controllers

图 8 区域1调频仿真结果

Fig.8 Simulation result of frequency regulation in area 1

图 9 区域2调频仿真结果

Fig.9 Simulation result of frequency regulation in area 2

图 10 区域3调频仿真结果

Fig.10 Simulation result of frequency regulation in area 3

图 11 不同DR调频系数仿真结果

Fig.11 Simulation result under different DR frequency regulation coefficients

图 12 不同发电机组和DR有功出力比例仿真结果

Fig.12 Simulation result under different proportions of active power output between generator units and DR

图 13 DR通信延时0 s和0.02 s仿真结果

Fig.13 Simulation result when the DR communication delays are 0 and 0.02 seconds

图 14 DR通信延时0.03 s和0.10 s仿真结果

Fig.14 Simulation result when the DR communication delays are 0.03 seconds and 0.10 seconds

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