计及阶梯式碳交易机制的综合能源系统优化调度

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202404059

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在“双碳”目标下，能源行业面临着技术发展水平、降碳时间紧迫、结构转型与环境治理等诸多挑战，而综合能源系统在实现新型电力系统中发挥着重要作用。为此，计及阶梯式碳交易机制和需求侧响应，提出了一种适用于综合能源系统的低碳经济运行优化调度模型。首先，在碳排放架构中引入气负荷排放因素，并采用阶梯式碳交易机制；然后，基于各能源的分时价格和可替代性，分别研究了价格型和替代型2种需求侧响应；最后，以综合成本最小为目标进行优化仿真，结果表明：采用计及阶梯式碳交易机制和需求侧响应的模型，并考虑气负荷排放影响，能够显著降低综合能源系统的碳排放。经过需求响应后，购能成本、碳交易成本和碳排放量分别减少了约3.38%、36.25%和18.52%。

关键词: 综合能源系统, 阶梯式碳交易机制, 需求侧响应, 优化调度

Abstract:

Under the "dual-carbon" goal, the energy industry is facing many challenges such as the level of technological development, the tight timeframe for carbon reduction, structural transformation and environmental governance, so integrated energy system (IES) plays an important role in realizing a new power system. Considering the ladder-type carbon trading mechanism and demand-side response, a low-carbon economic operation optimal scheduling model for IES is proposed. Firstly, gas load emission factor is introduced into the carbon emission model, and the ladder-type carbon trading mechanism is adopted. Then, based on the time-of-use price and substitution of each energy source, two types of demand-side response, price-based and substitution-based, are investigated separately. Finally, with the objective of minimizing the integrated cost, the simulation results show that the model that takes into account the ladder-type carbon trading mechanism and demand-side response, and considers the impact of gas load emission, can significantly reduce carbon emission of IES. After demand response, the energy purchase cost, carbon trading cost and carbon emission are reduced by about 3.38%, 36.25% and 18.52%, respectively.

Key words: integrated energy system, ladder-type carbon trading mechanism, demand-side response, optimal scheduling

周建华, 梁昌誉, 史林军, 李杨, 易文飞. 计及阶梯式碳交易机制的综合能源系统优化调度[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(2): 77-87.

Jianhua ZHOU, Changyu LIANG, Linjun SHI, Yang LI, Wenfei YI. Optimal Scheduling of Integrated Energy System Considering The Ladder-Type Carbon Trading Mechanism[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(2): 77-87.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202404059

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V58/I2/77

图/表 11

图 1 综合能源系统内部结构

Fig.1 Internal structure of IES

图 2 模型求解流程

Fig.2 The model solution flow

图 3 风光出力和负荷预测曲线

Fig.3 Predicted power of wind power, photovoltaic and loads

表 1 参数设置信息

Table 1 Parameter setting information

参数	取值	参数	取值
$P_{{\text{GT}},{\text{e}}}^{{\text{max}}}$/kW	600	$\eta _{{\text{GT}}}^{\text{h}}$/%	60
$ P_{{\text{GB}},{\text{h}}}^{{\text{max}}} $/kW	500	$ {\eta _{{\text{GB}}}} $/%	92
$ P_{{\text{HA}},{\text{h}}}^{{\text{max}}} $/kW	400	$ {\eta _{{\text{HA}}}} $/%	80
$P_{{\text{P}}2{\text{G}},{\text{g}}}^{{\text{max}}}$/kW	250	$ {\eta _{{\text{P2G}}}} $/%	60
$ P_{{\text{ES}},{{n}}}^{{\text{cap}}} $/kW	400	$ {\eta _{{{\rm ES},n}}} $/%	95
$ {{\Delta }}P_{\rm }^{{\text{max}}} $/%	20	$ {\delta _{\rm {DG}}} $/(元·kW^–1)	0.2
$\eta _{{\text{GT}}}^{\text{e}}$/%	30	$ {\delta _{\rm {DR}}} $/(元·kW^–1)	0.2

图 4 电热气负荷的分时价格

Fig.4 Time-of-use prices of electricity, heat, and gas loads

表 2 4种情景的调度运行结果

Table 2 Results of scheduling operation for 4 cases

情景	总成本/元	购能成本/元	碳交易成本/元	DR成本/元
1	17 262.8	12 820.0	4 442.9	—
2	15 916.0	12 373.4	3 257.7	284.9
3	15 880.3	12 361.5	3 208.8	310.0
4	20 047.2	13 008.8	7 038.4	—
5	17 399.0	12 568.9	4 487.3	342.8

图 5 各情景碳排放总量和碳交易成本

Fig.5 Carbon emission and trading cost for each case

图 6 碳交易基值对运行的影响

Fig.6 Effect of carbon trading base price on operation

图 7 情景4、5各设备电功率平衡

Fig.7 Electric power balance for each device in cases 4 and 5

图 8 情景4、5各设备热功率平衡

Fig.8 Heating power balance for each device in cases 4 and 5

图 9 情景4、5各设备气功率平衡

Fig.9 Gas power balance for each device in cases 4 and 5

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