低惯量电力系统频率安全约束优化运行研究综述与展望

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202502018

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着电力电子接口资源渗透率的快速提升，电力系统惯量水平显著降低，传统同步机主导的电力系统频率动态特性发生深刻变革。系统梳理低惯量电力系统频率安全约束优化运行的关键问题、建模方法及求解策略，分析现有研究的局限性，并提出未来研究方向。在阐明低惯量电力系统优化运行面临的难点问题和挑战的基础上，从日前、日内、实时3个时间尺度总结低惯量电力系统优化运行模型的研究进展；进而，深入探讨非线性频率安全约束的多种类重构方法及源-荷不确定性处理方法；最后，给出多时间尺度协同优化、电力电子设备交互影响等前沿方向，以期为低惯量形态下中国新型电力系统的优化运行和频率安全提供参考。

关键词: 惯量, 频率安全, 优化运行, 调度控制, 机组组合, 最优潮流

Abstract:

With the rapid increase in penetration rate of power electronic interface resources, the level of power system inertia is significantly reduced, and the frequency dynamic characteristics of the power system dominated by the traditional synchronous machine undergoes a profound change. In this paper, we systematically sort out the key issues, modeling methods and solution strategies for the frequency security constrained optimization operation of low-inertia power systems, analyze the limitations of the existing researches, and propose the future research directions. Firstly, on the basis of elucidating the difficult problems and challenges facing the optimal operation of low-inertia power systems, the research progress of the optimal operation model of low-inertia power systems is summarized from three time scales: day-ahead, intra-day, and real-time. And then, the multi-category reconstruction methods for nonlinear frequency security constraints and the approaches to handle source-load uncertainty are discussed in-depth. Finally, the cutting-edge directions such as multi-timescale coordinated optimization and interactive influences of power electronic devices are outlined, aiming to provide insights for optimizing operation and ensuring frequency security of China's new power system under low-inertia conditions.

Key words: inertia, frequency security, optimal operation, dispatch control, unit commitment, optimal power flow

傅国斌, 杨凯璇, 孙海斌, 文棋璇, 赵焕蓓, 文云峰. 低惯量电力系统频率安全约束优化运行研究综述与展望[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(9): 148-163.

FU Guobin, YANG Kaixuan, SUN Haibin, WEN Qixuan, ZHAO Huanbei, WEN Yunfeng. Frequency Security Constrained Optimal Operation of Low-Inertia Power Systems: Review and Prospects[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(9): 148-163.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202502018

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V58/I9/148

图/表 1

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项目	鲁棒优化	随机优化	机会约束	区间优化
概率分布函数	不需要	需要	需要	不需要
求解难度	低	高	高	低
缺点	过于保守	区间要求较为严格	场景不足过多风险	区间要求较为严格
适用场景	短期调度和极端场景控制	中长期优化	具有较大规模的优化问题	基于概率的优化问题

项目	鲁棒优化	随机优化	机会约束	区间优化
概率分布函数	不需要	需要	需要	不需要
求解难度	低	高	高	低
缺点	过于保守	区间要求较为严格	场景不足过多风险	区间要求较为严格
适用场景	短期调度和极端场景控制	中长期优化	具有较大规模的优化问题	基于概率的优化问题

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