全功率小型变速抽水蓄能机组双层MPC虚拟惯量控制策略

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202311005

中国电力 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (2): 216-226.DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202311005

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全功率小型变速抽水蓄能机组双层MPC虚拟惯量控制策略

许常昊¹(), 关伟东¹(), 王越¹(), 张金帅², 王鹏², 周宁², 尚博文²

1. 中国农业大学信息与电气工程学院，北京　100083
2. 国网河南省电力公司电力科学研究院，河南郑州　450052

收稿日期:2023-11-03 接受日期:2024-04-11 出版日期:2025-02-28 发布日期:2025-02-25
作者简介:许常昊（2001—），男，硕士研究生，从事全功率抽水蓄能机组控制等研究，E-mail：xchao@cau.edu.cn
关伟东（2000—），男，硕士研究生，从事双馈型变速抽水蓄能机组控制等研究，E-mail：s20223081628@cau.edu.cn
王越（1982—），男，通信作者，副教授，博士生导师，从事电力系统运行可靠性评估与风险决策等研究，E-mail：wyue@cau.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家电网有限公司科技项目（面向配电网分布式新能源消纳的微型抽水蓄能关键技术研究及装备研制，5400-202324196A-1-1-ZN）。

Two-Layer MPC Virtual Inertia Control Strategy for Small-Scale Variable-Speed Pumped Storage Unit with Full-Size Converter

Changhao XU¹(), Weidong GUAN¹(), Yue WANG¹(), Jinshuai ZHANG², Peng WANG², Ning ZHOU², Bowen SHANG²

1. College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China
2. State Grid Henan Electric Power Co., Ltd. Electric Power Research Institute, Zhengzhou 450052, China

Received:2023-11-03 Accepted:2024-04-11 Online:2025-02-28 Published:2025-02-25
Supported by:
This work is supported by Science and Technology Project of SGCC (Research and Equipment Development of Key Technologies for Micro Pumped Storage for distributed New Energy Consumption in Distribution Networks, No.5400-202324196A-1-1-ZN).

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在配电侧发展微型可变速抽水蓄能，有利于以更为环保的方式提升配网消纳新能源的能力。提出一种全功率变速抽水蓄能机组双层模型预测控制（two layer model predictive control，TLMPC）虚拟惯量控制策略。该策略包含一个标准层模型预测控制（model predictive control，MPC）和辅助层MPC，标准层MPC基于确定的系统预测模型，产生最小化的频率偏差信号，传递给辅助层MPC，而辅助层MPC考虑光伏的随机性，以跟踪标准层MPC预测的频率偏差为目标，同时产生功率和导叶控制信号。通过对含有全功率抽水蓄能机组的系统进行仿真分析，表明了所提的控制策略具有良好的频率调节性能，有助于提升配电网的光伏消纳能力。

关键词: 变速抽水蓄能机组, 全功率变流器, 虚拟惯量控制, 调频控制, 模型预测控制

Abstract:

The development of miniature variable-speed pumped storage on the distribution side is conducive to enhancing the ability of the distribution network to accomodate renewable energies in a more environmentally friendly way. In this paper, a two-layer model predictive control (MPC) virtual inertia control strategy for variable-speed pumped storage unit with full-size converter is proposed. The strategy contains a standard-layer MPC and an auxiliary-layer MPC. The standard-layer MPC generates minimized frequency deviation signals based on a determined system prediction model and passes them to the auxiliary-layer MPC, which considers the stochastic nature of the PV generation with the goal of tracking the frequency deviation predicted by the standard-layer MPC and generates both the power and the guide vane control signals. The simulation of a test system containing a pumped storage unit with full-size converter shows that the proposed control strategy has good frequency-regulating performance, which is helpful to enhancing the PV accomodation capability of the distribution networks.

Key words: variable-speed pumped storage unit, full-size converter, virtual inertia control, frequency control, model predictive control

许常昊, 关伟东, 王越, 张金帅, 王鹏, 周宁, 尚博文. 全功率小型变速抽水蓄能机组双层MPC虚拟惯量控制策略[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(2): 216-226.

Changhao XU, Weidong GUAN, Yue WANG, Jinshuai ZHANG, Peng WANG, Ning ZHOU, Bowen SHANG. Two-Layer MPC Virtual Inertia Control Strategy for Small-Scale Variable-Speed Pumped Storage Unit with Full-Size Converter[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(2): 216-226.

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图/表 19

图 1 水泵水轮机控制策略框图

Fig.1 The block diagram of pump turbine control strategy

图 2 全功率变速抽水蓄能机组虚拟惯量控制策略框图

Fig.2 The block diagram of virtual inertia control strategy for variable-speed pumped-storage unit with full-size converter

图 3 机侧变流器控制策略框图

Fig.3 The block diagram of the machine-side converter control strategy

图 4 网侧变流器控制策略框图

Fig.4 The block diagram of the grid-side converter control strategy

图 5 传统虚拟惯量控制策略框图

Fig.5 The block diagram of the traditional virtual inertial control strategy

图 6 双层MPC虚拟惯量控制流程

Fig.6 Flowchart of the two-layer MPC virtual inertia control strategy

图 7 全功率抽水蓄能机组简化模型

Fig.7 Simplified model of the pumped-storage unit with full-size converter

图 8 含有全功率抽水蓄能机组的电网频率响应模型

Fig.8 Frequency response model of the grid with a pumped-storage unit with full-size converter

图 9 仿真系统结构框图

Fig.9 Block diagram of the simulation system structure

表 1 水泵水轮机及其调速系统参数

Table 1 Pump turbine and its speed regulation system parameters

参数	数值	参数	数值
额定功率 P_m/(kV·A)	50	调速器积分系数 K_i	0.5
水流惯性系数 T_w/s	0.5	拟合系数 a₀, a₁, a₁	1.4，–0.2，–0.3
调速器比例系数 K_p	2

表 2 永磁同步电动机及并网系统参数

Table 2 PMSM and grid-connected system parameters

参数	数值	参数	数值
额定功率 P_n/kW	50	永磁体磁链 ψ_f/(V·s)	0.5
额定电压 V_n/V	800	电网电压 V_n/V	380
额定频率 f_n/Hz	50	直流侧电压 u_dc/V	800
极对数	4	滤波电感 L_f/mF	3
d轴电感 L_d/H	0.0036	滤波电阻 R_f/Ω	0.01
q轴电感 L_q/H	0.0036

表 3 调频控制器参数

Table 3 Frequency controller parameters

参数	数值	参数	数值
采样周期 T/s	0.1	永磁同步电机机组系数 J, B	6,0.04
预测时域 p	10	电网惯性时间常数 M/s	2
火电机组调差系数 R	0.03	负荷调节系数 D/s	1
火电机组调速器施加常数 T_g/s	0.3	传统PD控制比例系数 K_p	5
抽蓄有功响应时间常数 T_c/s	0.6	传统PD控制微分系数 K_d	1

图 10 发电工况甩负荷仿真结果

Fig.10 Load shedding simulation results for power generation condition

图 11 电动工况甩负荷仿真结果

Fig.11 Load shedding simulation results for pump condition

图 12 光照强度、负荷的波动

Fig.12 Fluctuations of solar irradiation and load

图 13 发电工况仿真结果

Fig.13 Simulation results of power generation condition

表 4 发电工况系统频率差和转速差的RMS值

Table 4 RMS values of system frequency difference and speed difference under power generation condition

控制策略	$ {{R}}_{{\rm MS\Delta }{f}} $	$ {{R}}_{{\rm MS\Delta }{ \omega \rm r}} $
PD	0.063	0.0082
MPC	0.059	0.0078
TLMPC	0.053	0.0078

图 14 电动工况仿真结果

Fig.14 Simulation results of pump condition

表 5 电动工况系统频率差与转速差的RMS值

Table 5 RMS values of system frequency difference and speed difference under pump condition

控制策略	$ {{R}}_{{\rm MS\Delta }{f}}$	$ {{R}}_{{\rm MS\Delta }{ \omega \rm r}} $
PD	0.0650	0.0082
MPC	0.0062	0.0078
TLMPC	0.0057	0.0080

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全功率小型变速抽水蓄能机组双层MPC虚拟惯量控制策略

Two-Layer MPC Virtual Inertia Control Strategy for Small-Scale Variable-Speed Pumped Storage Unit with Full-Size Converter

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全功率小型变速抽水蓄能机组双层MPC虚拟惯量控制策略

Two-Layer MPC Virtual Inertia Control Strategy for Small-Scale Variable-Speed Pumped Storage Unit with Full-Size Converter

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