考虑容量限制的构网型光储系统惯量与一次调频参数优化配置方法

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202404142

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着电力系统可再生能源占比不断提高，系统的惯量水平逐步降低，通过配置储能使光伏发电提供惯量与一次调频支撑成为应对频率稳定性问题的有效手段。过小的频率支撑参数无法充分利用光储系统的调频能力，而过大的参数将导致暂态过程中储能或变流器功率越限，引发设备损坏风险。为此，提出了一种考虑容量限制的光储系统惯量与一次调频参数优化配置方法。首先，基于构网型光储系统的控制方程建立了频率偏差、频率死区、一次调频系数与变流器出力间的解析关系，从而推导出保证变流器和储能出力不越限的一次调频系数的可行边界。其次，以光储系统容量限制和其参与暂态频率支撑的动态方程为约束，建立了最大化频率最低点的光储系统频率支撑优化模型，以确定最佳的虚拟惯量系数。最后，仿真分析验证了该方法可在多种场景下充分利用光储系统的暂态频率支撑能力，并满足容量限制。

关键词: 构网型光储, 容量限制, 一次调频, 惯量响应, 参数优化

Abstract:

As the renewable energy's share in the power system continues to increase, the inertia level of the system gradually decreases. The effective approach to tackle frequency stability issues is to configure energy storage to enable photovoltaic (PV) power generation to provide inertia and primary frequency regulation support. Excessively small frequency support parameters cannot fully utilize the frequency regulation capabilities of the photovoltaic-storage system, while excessively large parameters may lead to power limit violations of the energy storage or converter during transient processes, posing a risk of equipment damage. To address this, an optimized configuration method for the inertia and primary frequency regulation parameters of photovoltaic-storage systems, considering capacity constraints, is proposed. Firstly, an analytical relationship between frequency deviation, frequency dead zone, primary frequency regulation coefficient, and converter output is established based on the control equations of the grid-forming photovoltaic-storage system. This relationship allows deriving the feasible boundary of the primary frequency regulation coefficient that ensures the converter and energy storage outputs do not exceed their limits. Secondly, with the constraints of the photovoltaic-storage system's capacity limits and its dynamic equations for participating in transient frequency support, an optimization model for maximizing the frequency nadir of the photovoltaic-storage system is established to determine the optimal virtual inertia coefficient. Finally, simulation analyses verify that the proposed method can fully utilize the transient frequency support capabilities of the photovoltaic-storage system under various scenarios while satisfying capacity constraints.

Key words: grid-forming photovoltaic energy storage system, capacity limitation, primary frequency regulation, inertia response, parameter optimization

胡英杰, 李强, 李群. 考虑容量限制的构网型光储系统惯量与一次调频参数优化配置方法[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(10): 115-122.

Yingjie HU, Qiang LI, Qun LI. Co-Optimization of Inertia and Droop Control Coefficient for Grid-Forming Photovoltaic-Storage System Considering Capacity Limits[J]. Electric Power, 2024, 57(10): 115-122.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202404142

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2024/V57/I10/115

图/表 7

图 1 含有直流侧储能的光伏并网系统拓扑结构

Fig.1 Topology structure of grid-connected photovoltaic with DC-side energy storage system

图 2 VSG控制策略框图

Fig.2 Control strategy diagram of VSG

表 1 仿真系统主要参数

Table 1 Main Parameters of the Test System

符号	含义	大小
S_B/(MV·A)	基准容量	1
f_N/Hz	额定频率	50
U_N/kV	交流系统额定电压	10
P_L(p.u.)	负荷有功功率	5
H_G/s	等值同步机惯量	120
R_G/%	同步机一次调差系数	0.4
F_H	发电机组原动机中高压缸做功所占比例	0.3
S/(MV·A)	变流器容量	1.6
P_ESSM/MW	储能单元容量	0.3
D	VSG阻尼系数	10
Δf_max/Hz	允许的最大频率偏差	0.8

表 2 算例1—算例5的控制参数设置

Table 2 Control Parameter Settings for Case 1 to Case 5

算例	初始有功功率(p.u.)	剩余有功容量(p.u.)	最大一次调频系数
1	1.5	0.06	0.61
2	1.4	0.16	7.19
3	1.3	0.26	13.76
4	1.2	0.30	16.45
5	1.1	0.30	16.45

图 3 系统频率响应及光伏发电（直流储能）有功功率

Fig.3 System frequency response and active power of photovoltaic generation (DC energy storage)

图 4 系统频率响应及逆变器输出有功功率（算例1）

Fig.4 System frequency response and inverter output active power (example 1)

图 5 系统频率响应及逆变器输出有功功率（算例2）

Fig.5 System frequency response and inverter output active power (example 2)

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