用于新能源一次调频的储能经济配置研究

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202307042

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

新能源参与电力系统一次调频时需要解决能量来源问题，配置储能是一种有效的方式。在实际应用中储能配置需要充分考虑物理特性约束、单位成本等多方面的因素，综合比较技术经济性。但是，现有文献所提出的储能系统配置方案通常对运行场景的分析较多，对各类工程约束和储能的实际成本数据则考虑较少。基于储能的实际成本数据，在充分考虑储能系统物理特性及工程设计约束的情况下，对新能源一次调频应用场景下储能系统分布式接入场站的经济性展开了研究。分析了锂电池、飞轮和超级电容3类储能系统的技术特点和设计约束，在此基础上提出了3类储能用于一次调频的配置方法，结合配置方案进行了成本分析和技术经济性比较。

关键词: 新能源, 储能, 分布式接入, 一次调频, 经济性

Abstract:

When participating in primary frequency regulation of electrical power systems, it is necessary for new energy to address the issue of energy sources. Configuring energy storage is an effective way. In practical application, the configuration of energy storage needs to consider the factors of physical characteristics, unit cost, and other constraints to comprehensively compare the technical economy. However, the energy storage system configuration schemes proposed in existing literature mainly analyze operational scenarios and fail to consider various engineering constraints and actual cost data of energy storage. Based on the actual cost data, this article fully considers the physical characteristics and engineering design constraints of the energy storage system to study the economy of distributed access to units within the station for assisting primary frequency regulation of new energy. The article analyzes the technical characteristics and design constraints of three types of energy storage systems, namely lithium batteries, flywheels, and supercapacitors. On this basis, three types of configuration methods for energy storage for primary frequency regulation are proposed, and cost analysis and technical economy comparison are conducted based on the configuration schemes.

Key words: new energy, energy storage, distributed access, primary frequency regulation, economy

李鲁阳, 陈龙翔, 陈磊, 孙大卫, 吴林林, 闵勇. 用于新能源一次调频的储能经济配置研究[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(7): 54-65.

Luyang LI, Longxiang CHEN, Lei CHEN, Dawei SUN, Linlin WU, Yong MIN. Research on Economic Configuration of Energy Storage for Assisting New Energy in Primary Frequency Regulation[J]. Electric Power, 2024, 57(7): 54-65.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202307042

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2024/V57/I7/54

图/表 10

图 1 不同类型储能技术适用的功率范围和额定功率下的工作时间

Fig.1 Applicable power range and operating time at rated power of different types of energy storage technologies

图 2 锂电池储能系统结构

Fig.2 Structure of lithium battery energy storage system

图 3 飞轮储能系统结构

Fig.3 Structure of flywheel energy storage system

图 4 超级电容储能系统结构

Fig.4 Structure of supercapacitor energy storage system

表 1 APR26650 m1 b型锂电池技术经济特性

Table 1 Technical and economic characteristics of APR26650 m1 b type lithium battery

性能指标		指标参数
平台电压/ V		3.3
容量/(A·h)		2.5
最大放电倍率		48 C/持续10 s
最大充电倍率		10 C/持续10 s
持续放电倍率		20 C
持续充电倍率		4 C
集成模组价格/(元·(W·h)^–1)		15

表 2 不同厂家调频飞轮储能系统的报价

Table 2 Quotations for flywheel energy storage systems with frequency regulation from different manufacturers

型号	容量	成本/万元
GTR333	333 kW/1.5 kW·h	112.5
HHE-FW1M45	1000 kW/45 kW·h	160.0
HC-325	325 kW/50 kW·h	125.0

表 3 超级电容标准模组技术参数

Table 3 Technical parameters of standard module of supercapacitor

性能指标		指标参数
额定电压U_e/V		48
额定电容量C_e/F		165
持续工作电流I_e/A		71
峰值工作电流I_p/A		100
存储电量W_e/(W·h)		53

表 4 不同的电容和电池配置比例下系统的容量情况

Table 4 System capacity with different ratios of capacitance and battery configurations 单位：kW·h

电容功率与电池功率比值	电容电量	系统总电量
1∶3	10.03	628.27
2∶2	15.05	427.21
3∶1	23.08	229.16

表 5 应用于调频的超级电容+锂电池储能混合配置成本

Table 5 Cost of hybrid energy storage configuration of supercapacitors and lithium batteries for frequency regulation 单位：万元

电容功率与电池功率比值	电容总成本	电池总成本	总成本
1∶3	72.695	216.78	289.475
2∶2	145.390	144.51	289.900
3∶1	218.085	72.27	290.355

图 5 各类储能方案辅助新能源调频的建设成本

Fig.5 Construction cost of each energy storage scheme for assisting frequency regulation of new energy

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