考虑碳排放限制与市场参与的储能利润优化

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202407043

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着能源供应和环境保护的需求日益增加，储能的运行和充电策略需要符合“碳中和”目标。提出了一种考虑碳排放限制与市场参与的储能利润优化方法，定义了物理电网和优化计算的数据模型。所提出的优化方法既包括了储能在充放电过程中满足环境法规和降碳标准的最大碳排放限值，又涵盖了各种储能配置和管理中的约束条件，如存储容量、充放电功率限制以及能量存储系统内的能量交换平衡等。以某地市电网公司为例，验证所提方法可最大化储能利润。

关键词: 储能, 市场电价, 碳排放量, 优化模型, 数据模型

Abstract:

With the growing demands for energy supply and environmental protection, energy storage operations and charging strategies need to align with the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. This paper proposed a method for optimizing energy storage profits considering carbon emission constraints and market participation, and defined an unified data model for both the physical grid and optimization computations. The proposed method incorporated the carbon emissions limits during the charging/discharging process of energy storage to meet the requirements of environmental regulations and carbon reduction standards, and included various constraints related to storage configuration and management, such as storage capacity, charging/discharging power limits, and energy exchange balance within the system. Based on the real data of a feeder provided by a provincial power supply company, the maximized energy storage profits were calculated using the proposed method.

Key words: energy storage, market price, carbon emissions, optimization model, data model.

徐祥海, 商佳宜, 赵天煜, 龚莺飞, 何卫斌, 汤亚宸. 考虑碳排放限制与市场参与的储能利润优化[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(3): 204-212.

Xianghai XU, Jiayi SHANG, Tianyu ZHAO, Yingfei GONG, Weibin HE, Yachen TANG. Optimization of Energy Storage Profit Considering Carbon Emission Constraints and Market Participation[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(3): 204-212.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202407043

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V58/I3/204

图/表 7

图 1 考虑碳排放限制与市场参与的储能利润优化的数据模型构建示例

Fig.1 Example of data modelling for optimizing energy storage profit considering carbon emission constraints and market participation

图 2 仅考虑市场价格约束的储能利润优化计算结果

Fig.2 Results of energy storage profit optimization only considering market price constraints

图 3 考虑市场价格、储能容量以及充放电最大功率限制的计算结果

Fig.3 Results of energy storage profit optimization considering market price, energy storage capacity and maximum charge/discharge power constraints

图 4 考虑涵盖市场价格、储能容量、充放电最大功率、充放电次数及充放电时间限制的计算结果

Fig.4 Results of energy storage profit optimization considering market price, energy storage capacity, maximum charge/discharge power, charge/discharge cycles, and charge/discharge time constraints

图 5 考虑碳排放限制与市场参与的储能利润优化整体计算结果

Fig.5 Overall results of energy storage profit optimization considering carbon emission constraints and market participation

图 6 单日储能所属馈线供用电及储能利润示例

Fig.6 Example of energy storage profit for a single-day feeder supply and consumption, and energy storage

表 1 所提出方法较现有模型的比较

Table 1 Comparison between proposed model and existing models

已提出模型	模型特点	模型限制	所提出方法比较
储能价值评估模型^[28]	综合考虑投资成本和运行维护成本，建立年净收益目标函数，计算蓄电池储能的最优价值评估模型	未考虑碳排放限制，可能导致高碳排放量，违背当前低碳发展的目标	传统储能优化模型只关注经济效益，忽略了碳排放，而提出的方法不仅优化储能利润，还严格控制储能过程中的碳排放，达到了经济效益和环保目标的平衡
低碳电力调度模型^[29]	考虑电力市场中的碳排放成本，以机组出力和碳捕集量为优化变量，建立适应不同政策机制的低碳调度决策	未将储能系统单独优化，对储能具体的充放电策略缺乏针对性优化，无法充分利用储能系统的灵活性和调度能力	通过细致的充放电策略调整，在满足碳排放限值的同时，最大化储能系统的日累积利润
储能协同调度模型^[30]	将储能系统与可再生能源发电集成，优化区域电网中新能源消纳率和电力外送量的整体运营	主要关注可再生能源消纳，未充分考虑储能系统在电力市场中的独立角色及其碳排放限制	考虑了储能配置和管理中的各种约束条件，如存储容量、充放电功率限制以及能量交换平衡，确保优化结果的可行性和实用性

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