考虑政府干预的可再生能源与储能企业合作模式演化博弈研究

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202404001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在“新能源配储”政策的推动下，可再生能源发电企业配备储能设施以提升能源供应的稳定性，然而储能电站的实际利用效率往往未能达到预期。通过引入地方政府这一主体，构建地方政府-可再生能源发电企业-储能公司三方演化博弈模型，研究地方政府干预对促成可再生能源发电企业与储能公司合作的影响，分析三方策略的动态演化过程及其博弈均衡策略，并进行仿真分析。结果表明：地方政府的适当干预有助于推动可再生能源发电企业和储能公司达成“众筹共建”和“容量租赁”的合作模式；地方政府可以根据双方合作意愿的变化灵活调整补贴力度，确保政策效果的最大化；地方政府在发电企业与储能公司合作的初始阶段进行干预能够有效促进双方建立合作关系，随着合作关系的深入发展，地方政府应适时减少直接干预，让市场机制发挥更大作用。研究成果对于优化新能源配储政策、推动可再生能源产业的健康发展具有理论和实践意义。

关键词: 可再生能源发电企业, 新能源配储, 演化博弈, 储能公司, 政府干预

Abstract:

Driven by the policy of new energy distribution and storage, renewable energy generation enterprises are equipped with energy storage facilities to improve the stability of energy supply, but the actual utilization efficiency of energy storage power stations often fails to meet expectations. By introducing the local government as the main body, this paper constructs a tripartite evolutionary game model of local government, renewable energy generation enterprises and energy storage companies, studies the influence of local government intervention on promoting the cooperation between renewable energy generation enterprises and energy storage companies, analyzes the dynamic evolution process of the tripartite strategy and its game equilibrium strategy, and conducts simulation analysis. The results show that: firstly, the appropriate intervention of local government is helpful to promote the cooperation mode of "crowdfunding co-construction" and "capacity leasing" between renewable energy generation enterprises and energy storage companies; secondly, local government can flexibly adjust the subsidy intensity according to the changes in the cooperation willingness of both parties; thirdly, local government's intervention can effectively promote the establishment of cooperation between the two sides. With the in-depth development of cooperation, local government should reduce direct intervention in due course and let market mechanisms play a greater role. This research result has theoretical and practical significance for optimizing new energy distribution and storage policies and promoting the healthy development of renewable energy industry.

Key words: renewable energy generation enterprises, new energy distribution and storage, evolutionary game, energy storage companies, government intervention

邹小燕, 张瑞宏. 考虑政府干预的可再生能源与储能企业合作模式演化博弈研究[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(1): 153-163.

Xiaoyan ZOU, Ruihong ZHANG. Evolutionary Game Study of the Cooperation Mode Between Renewable Energy Generation Enterprises and Energy Storage Companies Considering Government Intervention[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(1): 153-163.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202404001

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V58/I1/153

图/表 13

图 1 地方政府干预视角下可再生能源发电企业和储能公司合作模式示意

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of cooperation mode between renewable energy generation enterprises and energy storage companies from the perspective of local government intervention

表 1 模型参数及含义

Table 1 Model parameters and meanings

博弈主体	参数	定义
政府部门	$F$	地方政府干预策略的总成本
	$F_1$	地方政府干预策略的可变成本
	$F_2$	地方政府干预策略的固定成本
	$s$	地方政府干预效率
	$R_1$	合作后地方政府获得的社会总效益
	$T_1$	给予发电企业的合作补贴
	$T_2$	给予储能公司的合作补贴
	$W$	上级政府对不作为地方政府的惩罚
可再生能源发电企业	$C_1$	发电企业众筹共建储能电站投资额
	$S_{ 1}$	发电企业配储电量收益
	$N$	众筹共建下储能电站外包风险
	$B$	众筹共建下储能电站外包费用
	$t$	投资商参与度
储能公司	$M_2$	众筹共建下储能电站运维成本
	$S_{ 2}$	众筹共建下储能电站现货市场收益
	$C_2$	容量租赁收益
	$C_4$	容量租赁下储能电站建设成本
	$M_1$	容量租赁下储能电站运维成本

表 2 三方博弈下的收益

Table 2 The income of tripartite game

策略组合（地方政府，发电企业，储能公司）		收益
(干预，众筹共建，众筹共建)		$\begin{aligned} &(s + t)R_1 - [(1 - t)F_1 + F_2]\text{；}\\&- C_1 + S_{ 1} - (1 - t)B - (1 - t)N\text{；}\\&B - M_2 + S_{ 2}\end{aligned}$
(干预，众筹共建，容量租赁)		$\begin{aligned} &(s + t)R_1 - [(1 - t)F_1 + F_2] - T_1 - T_2\text{；}\\ &- C_1 + S_{ 1} - (1 - t)B - (1 - t)N + T_1\text{；}\\&C_2 - C_4 - M_1 + T_2\end{aligned} $
(干预，容量租赁，众筹共建)		$\begin{aligned} &sR_1 - F_1 - F_2 - T_1 - T_2\text{；}\\ &- C_2 + S_{ 1} + T_1\text{；}\\&B - M_2 + S_{ 2} + T_2\end{aligned} $
(干预，容量租赁，容量租赁)		$\begin{aligned} &sR_1 - F_1 - F_2\text{；}\\& - C_2 + S_{ 1}\text{；}\\& C_2 - C_4 - M_1\end{aligned}$
(不干预，众筹共建，众筹共建)		$\begin{aligned} &(s + t)R_1 - W\text{；}\\& - C_1 + S_{ 1} - (1 - t)B - (1 - t)N\text{；}\\& B - M_2 + S_{ 2}\end{aligned}$
(不干预，众筹共建，容量租赁)		$\begin{aligned} &(s + t)R_1 - W\text{；}\\& - C_1 + S_{ 1} - (1 - t)B - (1 - t)N\text{；}\\&C_2 - C_4 - M_1\end{aligned}$
(不干预，容量租赁，众筹共建)		$\begin{aligned} &sR_1 - W\text{；}\\& - C_2 + S_{ 1}\text{；}\\ &B - M_2 + S_{ 2}\end{aligned}$
(不干预，容量租赁，容量租赁)		$\begin{aligned} &sR_1 - W\text{；}\\ &S_{ 1} - C_2\text{；}\\&C_2 - C_4 - M_1\end{aligned}$

图 2 地方政府动态演化趋势

Fig.2 Dynamic evolution trend chart of local government

图 3 可再生能源发电企业动态演化趋势

Fig.3 Dynamic evolution trend chart of renewable energy generation enterprises

图 4 储能公司动态演化趋势

Fig.4 Dynamic evolution trend of energy storage companies

图 5 干预-容量租赁策略下的系统演化

Fig.5 System evolution chart under the intervention-capacity leasing strategy

图 6 干预-容量租赁策略下初始选择概率对博弈主体演化策略的影响

Fig.6 The influence of initial choice probability on the evolution strategy of game players under the intervention-capacity leasing strategy

图 7 干预-众筹共建策略下的系统演化

Fig.7 System evolution chart under the intervention–crowdfunding co-construction strategy

图 8 干预-众筹共建策略下初始选择概率对博弈主体演化策略的影响

Fig.8 The influence of initial selection probability on the evolution strategy of game players under the co-construction strategy of intervention and crowdfunding

图 9 干预-众筹共建策略下地方政府给予发电企业补贴额度对博弈主体演化轨迹的影响

Fig.9 The influence of local government subsidies to generation enterprises on the evolution trajectory of game players under the intervention-crowdfunding co-construction strategy

图 10 干预-众筹共建策略下地方政府给予储能公司补贴额度对博弈主体演化轨迹的影响

Fig.10 Influence of local government subsidies to energy storage companies on the evolution trajectory of game players under the intervention-crowdfunding co-construction strategy

图 11 干预-众筹共建策略下上级政府对地方政府的处罚额对博弈主体演化策略的影响

Fig.11 The influence of higher level government's penalty to local government on the evolution strategy of game players under the intervention-crowdfunding co-construction strategy

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