基于超模博弈的共享储能容量租赁价格决策

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202312059

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在新型电力系统建设下，多省政策强制新建新能源场站配置储能，共享储能容量租赁作为新能源场站满足配储要求的新型模式，其定价机制尚不完善。鉴于此，考虑自建与租赁2种新能源场站配储方式，针对由共享储能容量租赁商和储能设备集成商构成的“新能源配储”竞争市场，构建基于超模博弈的共享储能容量租赁价格决策模型，求解市场均衡状态下的共享储能容量租赁最优价格策略，并以某区域“新能源配储”市场为例开展定价仿真。算例结果证明了所提模型的有效性，可为共享储能价格制定与投资规划提供决策支撑。

关键词: 共享储能, 容量租赁, 新能源配储, 超模博弈, 价格决策

Abstract:

Under the background of construction of new power system, newly-constructed renewable energy stations are required to be equipped with energy storage system in many provinces in China. Shared energy storage capacity lease is a new model for renewable energy stations to meet the requirements with energy storage. However, its pricing mechanism is immature. In view of this, this paper proposes two energy storage allocation modes for renewable energy stations, namely self-construction and lease. Aiming at the competitive market of energy storage allocation composed of shared energy storage capacity leaseholders and energy storage equipment integrators, a decision model of shared energy storage capacity rental price based on supermodular game is constructed, which can solve the optimal price strategy of shared energy storage capacity lease under the equilibrium state of the market. A regional market with new energy stations equipped with energy storage system is used as an example to carry out pricing simulation. The results of the example have proved the effectiveness of the proposed model, which can provide a decision-making support for the price formulation and investment planning of shared energy storage.

Key words: shared energy storage, capacity lease, renewable energy station equipped with energy storage system, supermodular game, pricing decision

王雨晴, 张敏, 王嘉兴, 李泊皓, 杨天阳, 曾鸣. 基于超模博弈的共享储能容量租赁价格决策[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(1): 164-173.

Yuqing WANG, Min ZHANG, Jiaxing WANG, Bohao LI, Tianyang YANG, Ming ZENG. Rental Price Decision of Shared Energy Storage Capacity Based on Supermodular Game[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(1): 164-173.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202312059

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V58/I1/164

图/表 9

图 1 共享储能运营机制

Fig.1 Operation mechanism of shared energy storage

表 1 新能源场站视角下2种配储模式对比

Table 1 Comparison of two energy storage allocation modes from the perspective of new energy stations

配储模式	费用	优点	缺点
容量租赁	租金耗能成本	缓解资金压力	不能构成资产，影响财务状况
自建储能	投资成本运维费用	降低需量费用	初始大幅占用资金，增加经营风险

图 2 博弈流程

Fig.2 Game process

表 2 基础数据

Table 2 Basic data

参数		数值
储能单位造价/(元·(kW·h)^–1)		2239
共享储能电站运行年限/年		20
运维费率/%		2
充放电效率/%		90
储能年利用小时数/h		534
充电电价/(元·(kW·h)^–1)		0.101
放电电价/(元·(kW·h)^–1)		0.699
消费者价格敏感度		0.95
$ {\alpha _1} $/(kW·h)		4500
$ {\alpha _2} $/(kW·h)		8000
$ {\beta _1} $		5.997
$ {\beta _2} $		6.996
$ {\gamma _{12}} $		2.967
$ {\gamma _{21}} $		2.352
Δ		0.05
基准收益率/%		8

图 3 储能服务提供商的均衡演化

Fig.3 The balanced evolution of energy storage service providers

图 4 不同主体间的定价变化幅度影响

Fig.4 The influence of pricing changing amplitude between different entities

图 5 不同消费者价格敏感度对博弈均衡的影响

Fig.5 The influence of different price sensitivity of consumers on game equilibrium

图 6 需求价格系数对均衡价格和需求量的影响

Fig.6 The influence of price elasticity of demand on equilibrium price and demand

表 3 定价决策结果评价

Table 3 Evaluation of pricing decision results

经济指标	博弈均衡值	当前市场水平
容量租赁价格/(元·(kW·h)^–1)	420.75	540
容量需求占比/%	44.34	25.13
净现值/万元	554.69	58.34
内部收益率/%	11	8
投资回收期/年	8.99	12.46

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