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考虑多领域耦合特性的风电机组一次调频动态建模与仿真

Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of Wind Turbine Unit Primary Frequency Regulation Considering Multi-domain Coupling Characteristics

  • 摘要: 风电机组快速调频过程中,暂态有功释放会诱发气动、传动和塔筒等部件载荷波动。为了合理表征其波动特性并服务于调频控制优化,提出了一种计及叶片、主轴、发电机、控制等多领域耦合特性的风电机组快速调频动态建模方法。首先,提出风电场-机协同的一次调频控制策略,基于标准的5 MW风电机组精细化模型,搭建了额定风速以下、以上机组级快速调频控制器;然后,采用斯皮尔曼相关性分析算法选定输入、输出变量,计及输入、输出延迟阶次,完成了支持额定风速以上、以下运行区域自适应识别、切换的运行域划分。然后,基于离散工况仿真运行数据的均衡抽样,通过物理先验信息指导,分别采用子空间辨识、深度神经网络算法进行了全工况下机组一次调频动态的多输入-多输出建模与仿真验证。结果表明,所获取的状态空间模型具有良好的可解释性,但是模型结构决定了其仅具备有限的逼近精度;相比之下,时序神经网络模型具有更好的动态特性捕捉能力,可为后续机组一次调频优化控制奠定良好的模型基础。

     

    Abstract: During the rapid frequency regulation process of wind turbine units, the transient active power release can induce load fluctuations in aerodynamic, transmission, and tower components. In order to reasonably characterize the fluctuation characteristics and serve the optimization of frequency regulation control, this paper presents a fast dynamic modeling method for wind turbine units that takes into account the coupling characteristics of blades, main shaft, generator, and control systems. Firstly, a wind farm-turbine coordinated primary frequency regulation control strategy is set up, and a rapid frequency regulation controller at the unit level is developed for both below and above the rated wind speed based on a refined 5MW wind turbine model. And then, the Spilman correlation analysis algorithm is used to select input and output variables with consideration of input and output delay orders, and the operational domain partitioning is completed, enabling adaptive identification and switching between operation regions both above and below the rated wind speed. Thirdly, based on balanced sampling of simulation operating data under discrete operating conditions, and guided by physical prior information, subspace identification and deep neural network algorithms are employed to conduct multi-input-multi-output modeling and simulation verification of the unit's primary frequency modulation dynamics across the full range of operating conditions. The results show that the state space model obtained has good interpretability, but the model structure inherently limits its approximation accuracy to a finite degree; in comparison, the temporal neural network model demonstrates a better ability to capture dynamic characteristics, providing a robust model foundation for subsequent optimization control of the unit's primary frequency modulation.

     

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