海上风电经柔直送出系统受端扰动自适应控制策略

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202404076

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对海上风电经柔直送出系统受端侧出现扰动的场景，提出了一种保证受端换流站自主运行在安全范围内并实现有功功率在多个送端换流站间合理分配的自适应控制策略，具体包括受端换流站运行限幅控制策略与送端换流站直流电压-频率自适应下垂控制。当受端电网出现扰动导致受端换流站内部电气量越限时，受端换流站运行限幅控制输出用于降低虚拟电势参考值的缩减系数，约束越限电气量回归至限值之内；自适应下垂控制策略考虑送端有功功率裕度和直流电压偏差的约束，自适应调整下垂系数，进而在多个送端换流站间合理分配因受端扰动而使得风场调整的扰动功率，并减小直流电压偏差；送受端侧控制策略共同维持整个系统稳定运行。最后，在PSCAD/EMTDC中搭建3端海上风电经柔直送出系统仿真模型，验证了该方法的有效性与准确性。

关键词: 海上风场, 柔性直流输电, 受端扰动, 约束条件, 自适应控制, 自适应下垂控制, 运行限幅控制

Abstract:

In view of the scenario of disturbance at the receiving end of offshore wind power through MMC-HVDC system, this paper proposes an adaptive control strategy to ensure the operation of the receiving-end converter station within the non-hazardous range independently and realize the reasonable distribution of active power among multiple sending-end converter stations. It includes the operating limit control strategy of the receiving-end converter station and the U_dc-f adaptive droop control strategy of the sending-end converter station. When the disturbance of receiving-end power grid leads to over-limit of internal electrical variables in the receiving-end converter station, the operating limit control will output the reduction coefficient to reduce the reference value of virtual potential, so that the internal electrical variables will return to the limit value. The adaptive droop control strategy is to adjust the droop coefficient adaptively under the constraints of active power margin and DC voltage deviation, so as to reasonably distribute the disturbance power among multiple sending-end converter stations adjusted by the wind farm due to the receiving-end disturbance and reduce the DC voltage deviation. The control strategy of sending-end and receiving-end works together to maintain whole system stability. Finally, a three-terminal MMC-HVDC simulation model is built in PSCAD/EMTDC to verify the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method.

Key words: wind farm, MMC-HVDC, receiving-end disturbance, constraint condition, adaptive control, adaptive droop control, operating limit control

赵静波, 李文博, 朱鑫要, 孙庆斌, 郝全睿. 海上风电经柔直送出系统受端扰动自适应控制策略[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(1): 26-38.

Jingbo ZHAO, Wenbo LI, Xinyao ZHU, Qingbin SUN, Quanrui HAO. Adaptive Control Strategy for Receiving-end Disturbance of Offshore Wind Power through MMC-HVDC System[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(1): 26-38.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202404076

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V58/I1/26

图/表 13

图 1 MMC-HVDC 系统和风电场的总体控制结构

Fig.1 The overall control structure of MMC-HVDC system and wind farm

图 2 自适应下垂系数的组成

Fig.2 Composition of adaptive droop coefficients

图 3 自适应下垂控制结构

Fig.3 The structure of adaptive droop control

图 4 运行限幅控制结构

Fig.4 The operating limit control structure

表 1 换流站关键参数

Table 1 Critical parameters of the MMC

项目		数值
桥臂电感/H		0.133
桥臂电阻/Ω		2
桥臂子模块个数		400
桥臂子模块电容/mF		0.0225
换流变压器变比		230/298
换流变压器等效漏抗/%		15
换流变压器额定容量/(MV·A)		1200

表 2 送端侧自适应控制关键参数

Table 2 Critical parameters of sending-end adaptive control

类别	项目	数值
送端换流站	交流侧额定电压/kV	340
	直流侧额定电压/kV	800
	送端1出力上限P_1max/MW	550
	送端1出力下限P_1min/MW	405
	送端2出力上限P_2max/MW	1000
	送端2出力下限P_2min/MW	410
	直流电压最大值U_dcmax/kV	840
	直流电压最小值U_dcmin/kV	760
	送端1固定下垂系数K₁	0.2
	送端2固定下垂系数K₂	0.2
风电机组	风机调频系数K_f	30
风电机组	风机动作延时T_p/s	0.1

表 3 受端侧约束条件及限幅控制参数

Table 3 Constraints of receiving-end and parameters of limiting control

类别	项目	数值
约束条件	电容电压U_cm波动区间/kV	(852, 878)
	桥臂电流I_pm/kA	1.65
	换流站容量上限S_v/(MV·A)	1180
限幅控制参数	虚拟惯量J_v/(kg·m²)	0.05
	虚拟阻尼D_v/(kg·s^–1)	0.1
	外环PI参数	(0.05, 10)
	内环PI参数	(4, 200)
	桥臂电流约束PI参数	(0.005, 66.7)
	换流站容量约束PI参数	(0.01, 100)
	电容电压约束PI参数	(0.05, 66.7)

图 5 固定下垂与自适应下垂控制响应对比

Fig.5 Comparison of fixed droop and adaptive droop control response

图 6 直流电压对比响应

Fig.6 Contrast response of DC voltage

图 7 不同容量上限时换流站有功出力分配响应

Fig.7 Active power output distribution response of converter for different capacities

图 8 桥臂电流约束系统响应

Fig.8 The system response of bridge arm current constraint

图 9 换流站容量约束系统响应

Fig.9 The system response of converter station capacity constraint

图 10 电容电压波动约束系统响应

Fig.10 The system response of capacitor voltage fluctuation constraint

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