基于有源谐波电阻控制的下垂控制变流器振荡抑制策略

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202502048

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

下垂控制变流器在50 Hz以下的频段呈现出容性特征，导致其与感性电网交互时容易产生RLC振荡，从而对电网造成危害。基于此，首先利用谐波线性化的方法建立了下垂控制变流器的序阻抗模型，揭示了下垂控制变流器和电网交互后产生振荡的机理；接着，提出有源谐波电阻的控制策略，该策略仅需要修正变流器的电压环指令，便可以将变流器在除基波以外的阻抗特性塑造为电阻特性，从而避免和感性电网交互时的振荡；有源谐波电阻值可能对系统稳定性有一定影响，提出一种自适应控制策略调节该参数值，从而始终可以很好地抑制系统振荡。最后，通过仿真和硬件在环实验验证了有源谐波电阻控制策略的有效性。

关键词: 下垂控制变流器, 序阻抗建模, 稳定性分析, 有源谐波电阻, 自适应控制

Abstract:

The droop control converter exhibits capacitive characteristics in the frequency band below 50 Hz, which leads to the problem of RLC oscillation when it interacts with the inductive power grid, thus causing harm to the power grid. Based on this, this paper firstly establishes a sequence impedance model of droop control converter using the harmonic linearization method, which reveals the mechanism of oscillation after the interaction between the droop control converter and the power grid. Then, a control strategy for active harmonic resistance based on droop control converter is proposed, which only requires modifying the voltage loop command of the converter to shape the impedance characteristics (excluding the fundamental frequency) into resistive behavior, thereby avoiding oscillations when interacting with an inductive grid. To address the possible influence of active harmonic resistance on the stability of the system, an adaptive control strategy is proposed to adjust the parameter value, thus ensuring consistent suppression of system oscillation. Finally, simulation and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) experiments validate the effectiveness of the active harmonic resistance control strategy.

Key words: droop control converter, sequence impedance modeling, stability analysis, active harmonic resistor, adaptive control

胡雪凯, 孟良, 李磊, 杨洋, 殷一林, 雷万钧. 基于有源谐波电阻控制的下垂控制变流器振荡抑制策略[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(9): 44-53, 67.

HU Xuekai, MENG Liang, LI Lei, YANG Yang, YIN Yilin, LEI Wanjun. Oscillation Suppression Strategy for Droop Control Converter Based on Active Harmonic Resistance Control[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(9): 44-53, 67.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202502048

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V58/I9/44

图/表 17

图 1 下垂控制型构网变流器控制框图

Fig.1 Block diagram of GFM inverter based on droop control

图 2 下垂控制型构网变流器正负序阻抗

Fig.2 Positive and negative sequence impedance of GFM inverter based on droop control

图 3 并网GFM等效电路

Fig.3 Equivalent circuit of grid-connected GFM inverter

图 4 基于有源谐波电阻的控制框图

Fig.4 Control block diagram based on active harmonic resistance

图 5 系统功率流动关系

Fig.5 System power flow relationship

图 6 基于有源谐波电阻控制的正序阻抗曲线

Fig.6 Positive sequence impedance curve based on active harmonic resistance control

图 7 Rh对系统稳定性的影响

Fig.7 The influence of Rh on system stability

图 8 基于伯德图的Rh对系统稳定性的影响分析

Fig.8 The influence of Rh on system stability based on bode

图 9 有源谐波电阻自适应控制框图

Fig.9 Adaptive control block diagram of active harmonic resistance

图 10 硬件在环实验平台

Fig.10 The HIL experiment platform

表 1 实验参数

Table 1 Experimental parameters

参数	数值	参数	数值
直流电压V_dc/V	700	有功下垂系数m	1.2×10^–4
网侧电压U_g/V	220	无功下垂系数n	5×10^–4
基频f₁/Hz	50	G_f(s)截止频率ω_c/rad	358
开关频率f_s/kHz	20	电压环比例参数k_vp	2
滤波电感L_f/mH	1.5	电压环积分参数k_vi	2000
滤波电容C_f/μF	50	电流环比例参数k_ip	45
阻尼电阻R_c/Ω	1.5	电流环积分参数k_ii	2400
额定有功功率P/kW	20	G_L(s)截止频率ω_f/rad	62.8

图 11 变流器与电网阻抗交互结果

Fig.11 The interaction results of converter and grid impedance

图 12 Lg=5 mH时网侧电流硬件在环实验结果

Fig.12 The HIL experiment result of grid-side current when Lg=5 mH

图 13 并网电流FFT分析

Fig.13 FFT analysis results of grid-connected current

图 14 不同工况下振荡抑制情况

Fig.14 Oscillation suppression under different working conditions

图 15 自适应控制策略的验证

Fig.15 Verification of adaptive control strategy

图 16 电网阻抗改变时并网点电压电流波形

Fig.16 The voltage and current waveform of point of common coupling when the impedance of grid changes

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