基于改进分布式拥塞控制的风电场有功功率调度方法

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202502026

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对集中式有功功率分配方法应用于大规模风电场时存在的计算和通信负担显著、鲁棒性差、故障风险高等问题，研究了一种基于分布式拥塞控制的风电场有功功率调度方法。首先，考虑到桨距角调整引起的机械疲劳以及转子降速过快引起的控制模式切换，引入了量化桨距角和转子转速对风电机组功率增量的灵敏度成本函数；其次，利用拥塞指数来优化功率分配和跟踪性能；最后，通过分布式一致性算法简化了风电机组功率参考的计算，显著降低了控制中心的计算和通信负担，使得所提方法具有可扩展性。与集中式控制方法进行对比分析表明，所提方法在功率跟踪性能、功率分配和鲁棒性方面更优。

关键词: 风电场, 有功功率分配, 分布式一致性, 拥塞控制, 最优控制, 快速频率调节

Abstract:

To address the problem of significant computational and communication burden, poor robustness and high fault risk when the centralized active power distribution method is applied to large-scale wind farms, a wind farm active power scheduling method based on distributed congestion control is developed. Firstly, considering the mechanical fatigue caused by pitch angle adjustments and the control mode switching due to excessively fast rotor speed reduction, a cost function quantifying the sensitivity of the wind turbine's power increment to pitch angle and rotor speed is introduced. Secondly, a congestion index is designed to optimize power distribution and tracking performance. Finally, the distributed consensus algorithm is used to simplify the calculation of wind turbine power reference, significantly reducing the computational and communication burden on the control center and endowing the proposed method with scalability. A comparative analysis with centralized control methods demonstrates the superiority of the proposed method in power tracking performance, power distribution, and robustness.

Key words: wind farm, active power distribution, distributed consensus, congestion control, optimal control, fast frequency regulation

许晋宇, 徐慧. 基于改进分布式拥塞控制的风电场有功功率调度方法[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(9): 1-9.

XU Jinyu, XU Hui. Wind Farm Active Power Scheduling Method Based on Improved Distributed Congestion Control[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(9): 1-9.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202502026

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V58/I9/1

图/表 13

图 1 风电机组传动链模型

Fig.1 Wind turbine drive chain model

图 2 典型变桨距控制模型

Fig.2 Typical variable pitch control model

图 3 集中式风电场拓扑

Fig.3 Centralized wind farm topology

图 4 分布式风电场拓扑

Fig.4 Distributed wind farm topology

图 5 基于分布式拥塞控制的风电场功率分配流程

Fig.5 Wind farm power allocation process based on distributed congestion control

表 1 风电机组参数

Table 1 Wind turbine parameters

参数	数值	参数	数值
风轮半径R/m	63	积分系数初值${k_{{\text{PI}}}}$	20
额定功率P_N/MW	5	最佳叶尖速比${\lambda _{{\text{opt}}}}$	7.6
额定风速${\nu _{\text{n}}}$/(m·s^–1)	12	最大风能利用系数$C_{\text{p}}^{{\text{max}}}$	0.4865
最大桨距角${\beta ^{\max }}$/°	85	风轮外阻尼${D_{\text{r}}}$/(N·m·s·rad^–1)	0
最小桨距角${\beta ^{\min }}$/°	0	低速轴扭转阻尼${D_{{\text{ls}}}}$/(N·m·s·rad^–1)	6215000
风轮额定转速${\omega _{\text{n}}}$/(rad·s^–1)	1.27	发电机外阻尼${D_{\text{g}}}$/(N·m·s·rad^–1)	0
风轮最小转速$\omega _{\rm r}^{\min }$/(rad·s^–1)	0.7224	发电机转动惯量${J_{\text{g}}}$/(kg·m²)	1256.2
滤波器时间常数${\tau _{\text{f}}}$/s	0.1	风轮转动惯量${J_{\text{r}}}$/(kg·m²)	35444067
比例系数初值${k_{{\text{PP}}}}$	300	低速轴扭转的刚度${K_{{\text{ls}}}}$/(kg·m²)	867637000

图 6 具有12台风电机组的风电场分布式拓扑

Fig.6 Distributed wind farm topology with 12 wind turbines

图 7 功率跟踪过程中的桨距角

Fig.7 Pitch angle in power tracking process

图 8 风电机组切出时风电场的输出功率

Fig.8 The output power of the wind farm when the wind turbine is cut out

图 9 风电场输出功率与功率指令

Fig.9 Wind farm output power and power instructions

图 10 下降阶段通信时延

Fig.10 Communication delay in descending stage

图 11 阶跃阶段通信时延

Fig.11 Communication delay in step stage

图 12 阶跃参考下的输出功率

Fig.12 Output power under step reference

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