基于电流合成矢量轨迹特性的双馈风电场主变压器差动保护

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202401014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

双馈风电场故障穿越的过程中，风电场侧提供的短路电流存在频率偏移现象，导致基于傅里叶算法的相量提取存在误差，二次谐波制动元件可能误动作，使得差动保护长时间闭锁。提出了一种基于电流合成矢量轨迹特性的新型时域保护方案。针对变压器区内故障和区外故障的本质差异，分别构造2种合成矢量，并根据各自合成矢量的轨迹特性设计保护方案。在PSCAD/EMTDC中搭建双馈风电场送出系统控制和保护的仿真模型。实验表明，所提方案能识别各种区内故障，且不受励磁涌流、区外故障伴随电流互感器（current transformer，CT）饱和以及区外故障伴随CT测量误差的干扰，最快15 ms即可动作且平均动作时间小于一个工频周波。

关键词: 双馈风电场, 主变压器保护, 合成矢量, 励磁涌流, 电流互感器饱和

Abstract:

During the fault ride-through process of the doubly-fed wind farms, the short-circuit current provided by the wind farm side exhibits frequency deviation, which leads to errors in the Fourier algorithm based phasor extraction. Additionally, the second harmonic restraint element may act incorrectly, leading to longterm blockage of the differential protection. This paper proposes a novel time-domain protection scheme based on the characteristics of the current synthesis vector trajectory. Based on the intrinsic differences between internal faults and external faults of transformers, two current synthesis vectors are constructed accordingly, and corresponding protection schemes are designed according to the trajectory characteristics of each synthesis vector. A simulation model of the control and protection of the delivery system of doubly-fed wind farms is constructed in PSCAD/EMTDC. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme can identify various internal faults and is not affected by the interference of magnetizing inrush current, current transformer (CT) saturation accompanying external faults and CT measurement errors accompanying external faults. The proposed scheme can operate in 15ms at the fastest and the average operation time is less than a fundamental frequency cycle.

Key words: doubly-fed wind farm, main transformer protection, synthesized vector, inrush current, current transformer saturation

宋许鹏, 杨小洋, 樊征臻. 基于电流合成矢量轨迹特性的双馈风电场主变压器差动保护[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(2): 9-21.

Xupeng SONG, Xiaoyang YANG, Zhengzhen FAN. Differential Protection of Main Transformer of Doubly-Fed Wind Farm Based on Current Synthesized Vector Trajectory Characteristics[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(2): 9-21.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202401014

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V58/I2/9

图/表 15

图 1 风电场侧短路电流

Fig.1 Short-circuit current on the wind farm side

图 2 差动电流二次谐波与基波比值

Fig.2 Amplitude ratio of the second harmonic to the fundamental of the differential current

图 3 典型工况下差流矢量的轨迹

Fig.3 Trajectory of differential current vector under typical operating conditions

图 4 算法流程

Fig.4 Flow chart of algorithm

图 5 时序

Fig.5 Sequence chart

图 6 双馈风电场送出系统拓扑

Fig.6 Schematic of the DFIG-based wind farm

图 7 算例1各变量波形

Fig.7 Calculation example 1 waveforms for each variable

图 8 算例2各变量波形

Fig.8 Calculation example 2 waveforms for each variable

图 9 算例3各变量波形

Fig.9 Calculation example 3 waveforms for each variable

图 10 算例4各变量波形

Fig.10 Calculation example 4 waveforms for each variable

图 11 算例5各变量波形

Fig.11 Calculation example 5 waveforms for each variable

图 12 算例6各变量波形

Fig.12 Calculation example 6 waveforms for each variable

图 13 算例7各变量波形

Fig.13 Calculation example 7 waveforms for each variable

图 14 算例8各变量波形

Fig.14 Calculation example 8 waveforms for each variable

表 1 各工况下保护方案动作性能比较

Table 1 Comparison of action performances of protection schemes under various conditions

案例	故障类型	动作结果			动作时间/s
案例	故障类型	文献[20]	文献[22]	本文	文献[20]	文献[22]	本文
1	正常运行	不动作	不动作	不动作
2	区外三相故障	不动作	不动作	不动作
3	区外三相故障（CT饱和）	误动作	不动作	不动作	0.025
4	空载合闸（剩磁0、合闸角0°）	不动作	不动作	不动作
5	空载合闸（剩磁0、合闸角90°）	不动作	不动作	不动作
6	空载合闸（剩磁0.9、合闸角90°）	不动作	不动作	不动作
7	空载合闸于A相匝间故障	动作	动作	动作	0.02	0.02	0.0167
8	A相匝间故障（匝比5%）	动作	动作	动作	0.02	0.02	0.0159
9	A相匝间故障（匝比20%）	动作	动作	动作	0.02	0.02	0.0160
10	低压侧AB相间故障	动作	动作	动作	0.02	0.02	0.0152
11	低压侧三相故障	动作	动作	动作	0.02	0.02	0.0152
12	低压侧三相高阻故障	动作	动作	动作	0.02	0.02	0.0151
13	高压侧A相接地故障	动作	动作	动作	0.02	0.02	0.0157
14	低电压穿越时区内故障	动作	动作	动作	0.02	0.02	0.0181

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