适用于二极管整流送出的海上风机构网型控制方案比较

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202404024

中国电力 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (5): 166-175.DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202404024

适用于二极管整流送出的海上风机构网型控制方案比较

陈茂新¹(), 王凯伦², 沈豫¹, 曾振松¹, 林学根¹, 宋强²()

1. 国网福建省电力有限公司，福建福州　350012
2. 清华大学电机工程与应用电子技术系，北京　100084

收稿日期:2024-04-03 录用日期:2025-01-23 发布日期:2025-05-30 出版日期:2025-05-28
作者简介:
陈茂新（1971），男，高级工程师，从事电网规划、建设和运行管理研究，E-mail：13805997794@139.com
宋强（1975），男，通信作者，工学博士，长聘副教授，博士生导师，从柔性直流输电技术的研究，E-mail：songqiang@tsinghua.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家电网有限公司科技项目（新能源孤岛直流接入的构网控制与故障穿越技术研究，SGFJ0000FZJS2310322）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（单向电流型全桥MMC及其新型直流组网方式研究，51977119）。

Comparison of Grid-Forming Control Solutions for Offshore Wind Farms Connected with Diode Rectifier-Based High Voltage DC Transmission

CHEN Maoxin¹(), WANG Kailun², SHEN Yu¹, ZENG Zhensong¹, LIN Xuegen¹, SONG Qiang²()

1. State Grid Fujian Electric Power Co., Ltd., Fuzhou 350012, China
2. Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

Received:2024-04-03 Accepted:2025-01-23 Online:2025-05-30 Published:2025-05-28
Supported by:
This work is supported by the Science and Technology Project of SGCC (Research on Grid Forming Control and Fault Ride-Through Technology for New Energy Islanded DC Integration, No.SGFJ0000FZJS2310322) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Research on MMCs Based on Unidirectional Current H-bridges and its Applications to HVDC Systems with Novel Configurations, No.51977119).

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

当海上风电场采用二极管整流器直流送出方式时，基于海上风机的构网控制实现海上交流电网的电压和频率支撑是关键的问题。针对目前研究中最受关注的Q/f型构网控制方案，以及新出现的P/f型构网控制方案，对多机功率耦合特性及稳定性进行了详细的分析比较。通过对构网型控制环节的机理分析揭示了Q/f型构网控制方案在有功和无功控制通路之间存在耦合特性，而P/f型构网控制方案则具有自然的功率控制解耦特性。基于小信号模型的详细分析表明：Q/f型构网控制方案的功率控制耦合特性可能导致多机间功率振荡问题；P/f型构网控制方案由于具有功率控制解耦特性，在不同负荷条件下均具有更好的稳定鲁棒性，更有利于实现远海大容量风电场数百台风机的同步稳定运行。

关键词: 海上风电, 二极管整流, 直流输电, 构网型控制, 系统稳定性

Abstract:

For offshore wind power transmission systems based on diode rectifier-based DC transmission, the voltage and frequency support of the offshore AC grid based on the grid-forming control of offshore wind turbines has become a key issue. For the currently most studied Q/f droop-based grid-forming control (GFM) scheme and the newly emerged P/f droop-based GFM control scheme, a detailed analysis of the multi-machine power coupling characteristics and the stability aspects of the two schemes is carried out. The analysis of the control mechanism reveals that the Q/f droop-based GFM control scheme has coupling characteristics between active and reactive power control path, while the P/f droop-based GFM control scheme has a natural power decoupling characteristic. Detailed analysis based on the small signal model shows that the power control coupling characteristics of the Q/f droop-based GFM control scheme may lead to power oscillation problems between multiple machines. And the P/f droop-based GFM control scheme has a natural decoupling characteristic and has better stability robustness under different load conditions, making it more conducive to achieving the synchronous and stable operation of hundreds of wind turbines in offshore high-capacity wind farms.

Key words: offshore windfarm, diode rectifier, DC transmission, grid-forming control, system stability

陈茂新, 王凯伦, 沈豫, 曾振松, 林学根, 宋强. 适用于二极管整流送出的海上风机构网型控制方案比较[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(5): 166-175.

CHEN Maoxin, WANG Kailun, SHEN Yu, ZENG Zhensong, LIN Xuegen, SONG Qiang. Comparison of Grid-Forming Control Solutions for Offshore Wind Farms Connected with Diode Rectifier-Based High Voltage DC Transmission[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(5): 166-175.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202404024

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V58/I5/166

图/表 15

图 1 海上风电二极管直流输电系统结构

Fig.1 Structure of diode-based HVDC transmission of OWFs

图 2 风机变流器Q/f型构网控制方案原理

Fig.2 Q/f-based grid-forming control scheme

图 3 风机变流器P/f型构网方案示意

Fig.3 P/f-based grid-forming control scheme

图 4 多机并联示意

Fig.4 The multi grid-forming converters

图 5 构网控制功率耦合机理

Fig.5 Coupling mechanism of Q/f-based and P/f-based GFM control schemes

图 6 研究案例的系统框图

Fig.6 The studied simplified system

表 1 系统参数

Table 1 Main parameters of the studied system

参数	数值	参数	数值
风电场1额定功率/MW	600	二极管直流平波电抗/mH	120
风电场2额定功率/MW	300	R_dc/Ω	1.5
风电场3额定功率/MW	100	L_dc/mH	80
滤波电抗(p.u.)	0.008+j0.2	C_a1/μF	36
滤波电容(p.u.)	0.05	C_a2/mF	1.3
变压器漏抗(p.u.)	0.004+j0.1	L_a1/mH	2
集电海缆等值电阻、电感、电容（相对于各风电场基值）(p.u.)	0.0015 , 0.005 , 0.02	L_a2/μH	54.7
二极管直流额定功率/MW	1000	R_a1/Ω	3.28
二极管直流额定直流电压/kV	±250	C_b1/μF	36
整流变压器变比/kV	66/190	L_b1/mH	0.49
二极管变压器漏抗(p.u.)	0.16	R_b1/Ω	59

表 2 控制参数

Table 2 Key control parameters

参数		数值
k_q, k_pp, k_pi（Q/f方案）		0.005, 1, 5
k_p, k_q（P/f方案）		0.05, 0.03
功率测量滤波器时间常数/ms		10
k_p.u., k_iu（电压环PI参数）		0.8, 0
k_pi, k_ii（电流环PI参数）		1.6, 20
PLL比例增益（海上频率测量）		1.15
站间通信延时/ms		50
k_fi（MMC频率-功率环）		150
k_pp, k_pi（MMC功率-电压环）		1, 10

图 7 海上风机构网型控制的Bode响应

Fig.7 Bode of GFM control schemes

图 8 不同负荷下频率控制开环Bode响应

Fig.8 Bode of frequency control under different loading conditions

图 9 不同通信延时下风机P/f构网型控制的Bode响应

Fig.9 Bode of P/f-based GFM control schemes under different communication delays

图 10 高负荷下仿真波形

Fig.10 Simulation waveforms under high loading condition

图 11 低负荷下仿真波形

Fig.11 Simulation waveforms under low loading condition

图 12 海上交流故障仿真波形

Fig.12 Simulation waveforms under offshore AC fault

图 13 受端交流电网故障仿真波形

Fig.13 Simulation waveforms under receiving-end AC grid fault

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适用于二极管整流送出的海上风机构网型控制方案比较

Comparison of Grid-Forming Control Solutions for Offshore Wind Farms Connected with Diode Rectifier-Based High Voltage DC Transmission

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适用于二极管整流送出的海上风机构网型控制方案比较

Comparison of Grid-Forming Control Solutions for Offshore Wind Farms Connected with Diode Rectifier-Based High Voltage DC Transmission

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