基于模量反向行波的接地极线路故障类型识别与定位方法

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202403069

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

行波法是目前接地极线路故障测距的常用方法，但在阈值整定方面普遍依赖于仿真，且无法判断接地极线路故障类型。针对上述问题，采用主动式行波注入法，通过解析计算的方式，得到接地极线路发生单回接地故障、双回跨线故障、单回断线故障和双回断线故障后接地极线路首端测量点处的模量反向行波时域表达式，提出了基于模量反向行波的接地极线路故障类型识别和定位方法。所提出的注入行波法具有明确的测距阈值整定表达式，可以准确判断出线路故障类型。在PSCAD/EMTDC环境中检验所提方法的可靠性和鲁棒性，仿真结果表明：所提方法在实现故障精准测距外，可以可靠识别出接地极故障类型，且具有较强的耐受过渡电阻以及抗噪声干扰能力。

关键词: 高压直流输电, 接地极线路, 故障定位, 故障类型识别, 行波法

Abstract:

The traveling wave method is currently a common approach for fault distance measurement in grounding electrode line, but it generally relies on simulation in terms of threshold setting, and cannot determine the type of grounding electrode line fault. To address the above issues, this paper adopts an active traveling wave injection method, and through analytical calculations, obtains the time-domain expression of the modulus-backward traveling wave at the measuring point at the first end of the ground electrode line after a single-line ground fault, a cross-line fault, a single-line open-circuit fault and a double-line open-circuit fault. A grounding electrode line fault type recognition and localization method is proposed based on modulus backward traveling wave. The proposed injection wave method has a clear expression of distance measurement threshold setting, then can accurately identify the type of line fault. The reliability and robustness of this method is verified in PSCAD/EMTDC simulations. Simulation results show that this method can achieve accurate fault distance measurement, and reliably identifies grounding electrode fault type, demonstrating strong tolerance to transition resistance and resistance to noise interference.

Key words: HVDC transmission, grounding electrode line, fault localization, fault type recognition, traveling wave method

赵欣洋, 邹洪森, 杨晨, 李玉琦, 李博通, 刘思源. 基于模量反向行波的接地极线路故障类型识别与定位方法[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(2): 33-42.

Xinyang ZHAO, Hongsen ZOU, Chen YANG, Yuqi LI, Botong LI, Siyuan LIU. Fault Type Recognition and Localization Method for Grounding Electrode Line Based on Modulus Backward Traveling Wave[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(2): 33-42.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202403069

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V58/I2/33

图/表 16

图 1 常规双极高压直流输电系统拓扑

Fig.1 Topology of bipolar HVDC transmission system

图 2 接地极系统基本结构

Fig.2 Basic structure of grounding electrode system

图 3 行波故障测距示意

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of traveling wave fault distance measurement

图 4 单回接地故障示意

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of pole-to-grounding fault

图 5 双回跨线接地故障示意

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of double pole jumper grounding fault

图 6 单回断线故障示意

Fig.6 Schematic diagram of single pole disconnection fault

图 7 双回断线故障示意

Fig.7 Schematic diagram of double pole disconnection fault

图 8 基于反向行波的故障测距与故障类型识别流程

Fig.8 Flow chart of fault localization and type identification based on backward traveling wave

图 9 接地极系统结构

Fig.9 Grounding electrode system structure

图 10 不同类型故障下行波解析波形与仿真波形对比

Fig.10 Comparison between traveling wave analysis waveform and simulation waveform under different types of faults

图 11 行波Bm0相邻采样点间差值与阈值对比

Fig.11 Comparison of the difference and threshold between adjacent sampling points of traveling wave Bm0

表 1 测距效果检验

Table 1 Testing of distance measurement effect

故障距离/km	t₁/s	测量距离/km	误差/%
10	1.500066	10.02	0.2
30	1.500201	30.10	0.3
50	1.500350	50.25	0.5
70	1.500467	70.50	0.7
90	1.500601	90.80	0.9

表 2 故障类型识别效果检验

Table 2 Verification of fault type identification effect

故障类型	故障距离/km	B_m1幅值/kV	B_m0幅值/kV	判断结果
单回接地故障	10	2.7	–0.12	单回接地故障
单回接地故障	90	0.28	0.11	单回接地故障
双回跨线故障	10	5×10^–5		双回跨线故障
双回跨线故障	90	1×10^–6		双回跨线故障
单回断线故障	10	0.39	0.32	单回断线故障
单回断线故障	90	0.61	0.33	单回断线故障
双回断线故障	10	7×10^–5	0.79	双回断线故障
双回断线故障	90	2×10^–6	0.82	双回断线故障

表 3 高阻故障下测距效果检验

Table 3 Testing of distance measurement effect under high resistance fault

故障距离/km	t₁/s	测量距离/km	误差/%
10	1.500067	10.03	0.3
30	1.500201	30.12	0.4
50	1.500335	50.30	0.6
70	1.500470	70.57	0.8
90	1.500610	90.80	0.9

表 4 20 dB高斯白噪声干扰条件下故障测距效果检验

Table 4 Test of fault distance measurement effect under 20 db gaussian white noise interference

故障距离/km	t₁/s	测量距离/km	误差/%
10	1.500067	10.05	0.5
30	1.500201	30.24	0.8
50	1.500337	50.60	1.2
70	1.500476	71.40	2.0
90	1.500612	91.72	1.8

表 5 20 dB高斯白噪声干扰条件下故障类型识别效果检验

Table 5 Verification of fault type identification effect under 20 db gaussian white noise interference

故障类型	故障距离/km	B_m1幅值/kV	B_m0幅值/kV	判断结果
单回接地故障	10	2.8	0.14	单回接地故障
单回接地故障	90	0.35	0.12	单回接地故障
双回跨线故障	10	6×10^–5		双回跨线故障
双回跨线故障	90	2×10^–5		双回跨线故障
单回断线故障	10	0.43	0.37	单回断线故障
单回断线故障	90	0.55	0.39	单回断线故障
双回断线故障	10	9×10^–5	0.81	双回断线故障
双回断线故障	90	4×10^–5	0.85	双回断线故障

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