考虑电动汽车需求响应的交直流混合配电网智能软开关与储能装置鲁棒联合规划方法

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202507034

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为适应配电网高质量发展的新需求，保障系统对大规模分布式电源与电动汽车（electric vehicle，EV）的承载能力，提出考虑电动汽车需求响应的交直流混合配电网中智能软开关（soft open point，SOP）与分布式储能装置（distributed energy storage system，DESS）鲁棒联合规划方法。首先，针对源荷不确定性，采用K-means提取典型与极端的日运行场景，并引入范数约束构造场景概率不确定集，以调控模型保守性。随后，通过需求价格弹性系数刻画EV用户对实时电价的响应行为，构建以年综合成本最低为目标的两阶段鲁棒规划模型，并通过二阶锥松弛与McCormick包络等方法进行凸转化。模型引入场景概率的二进制展开，实现在不确定集区间内的最恶劣场景搜索，并结合电网分区拓展SOP安装待选位置，采用对偶理论和非精确列与约束生成算法（inexact column constraint generation，i-C&CG）实现高效求解。最后在69节点系统中验证了模型对支撑电压、保障消纳、减少损耗的有效性。

关键词: 交直流混合配电网, 电动汽车, 智能软开关, 储能装置, 两阶段鲁棒

Abstract:

To meet the new demands of high-quality development of distribution networks and enhance their capacity to accommodate large-scale distributed generation and electric vehicle (EV) loads, this paper proposes a robust joint planning method for soft open points (SOP) and distributed energy storage systems (DESS) in AC/DC hybrid distribution networks, with consideration of EV demand response. Firstly, to address source-load uncertainty, typical and extreme daily operation scenarios are extracted using K-means clustering, and a scenario probability uncertainty set is constructed with l₁-norm and infinity-norm constraints to adjust the model’s conservativeness. And then, the response behaviors of EV users to real-time price are characterized by a demand price elasticity coefficient. A two-stage robust optimization model is formulated to minimize the annual total cost, and the second-order cone relaxation and McCormick envelopes are used to convexify the model. Scenario probability variables are expanded in binary form to enable worst-case scenario search within the uncertainty set. Candidate SOP locations are extended based on network partitioning. The model is solved efficiently by applying duality theory and the inexact column-and-constraint generation (i-C&CG) algorithm. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model in supporting voltage, ensuring renewable energy accommodation, and reducing losses is verified in a 69-bus system.

Key words: AC/DC hybrid distribution network, electric vehicle, soft open point, energy storage system, two-stage robust optimization

廖建, 张耀, 张贝西, 董浩淼, 李嘉兴, 孙乾皓. 考虑电动汽车需求响应的交直流混合配电网智能软开关与储能装置鲁棒联合规划方法[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(10): 82-96.

LIAO Jian, ZHANG Yao, ZHANG Beixi, DONG Haomiao, LI Jiaxing, SUN Qianhao. A Robust Joint Planning Method for Soft Open Points and Energy Storage Systems in AC/DC Hybrid Distribution Networks Considering Electric Vehicle Demand Response[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(10): 82-96.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202507034

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V58/I10/82

图/表 16

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安装设备	安装位置	安装容量/kW
风电机组	34, 35, 67	1000, 1000, 800
光伏机组	32, 45, 46, 65	1200, 1000, 1200, 1000
电动汽车充电站	15, 25, 27, 63	150, 500, 900, 900

安装设备	安装位置	安装容量/kW
风电机组	34, 35, 67	1000, 1000, 800
光伏机组	32, 45, 46, 65	1200, 1000, 1200, 1000
电动汽车充电站	15, 25, 27, 63	150, 500, 900, 900

方案	年综合收益	售电收入	安装投资成本	运维成本	购电费用	切负荷费用	弃风弃光费用	损耗费用
1	1583.05	2387.25	0	0	409.29	329.50	2.07	63.33
2	2030.52	2507.94	11.41	12.26	426.59	0	3.18	23.98
3	1719.58	2432.58	65.60	13.30	347.02	220.15	0	66.93
4	2040.32	2507.94	63.86	21.32	355.63	0	0	26.82
5	2032.96	2516.48	61.81	20.96	372.29	0	0	28.45

方案	年综合收益	售电收入	安装投资成本	运维成本	购电费用	切负荷费用	弃风弃光费用	损耗费用
1	1583.05	2387.25	0	0	409.29	329.50	2.07	63.33
2	2030.52	2507.94	11.41	12.26	426.59	0	3.18	23.98
3	1719.58	2432.58	65.60	13.30	347.02	220.15	0	66.93
4	2040.32	2507.94	63.86	21.32	355.63	0	0	26.82
5	2032.96	2516.48	61.81	20.96	372.29	0	0	28.45

方案	DESS安装结果			SOP安装结果
方案	安装节点位置	安装容量/ (MW·h)	安装功率/ MW	安装线路位置	安装容量/ (MV·A)
2				(2, 19) (35, 61) (46, 60)	0.32, 0.64, 0.16
3	2, 3, 20, 46, 64, 65	2.7, 2.4, 0.3, 2.7, 0.9, 0.3	0.5, 0.5, 0.2, 0.5, 0.25, 0.1
4	2, 46, 64	2.7, 2.7, 2.4	0.5, 0.5, 0.5	(46, 19), (35, 61)	0.32, 0.64
5	2, 46, 65	2.7, 2.7, 2.1	0.5, 0.5, 0.45	(46, 19), (35, 61)	0.32, 0.64