Power Flow Optimization and Control Method for Distribution Networks Based on Hybrid Power Electronics Transformers

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202505070

Abstract

Abstract:

Aiming at the power quality problems brought by the access of large-scale distributed power (DG) to the distribution network, this paper proposes distribution network power flow optimization control method based on hybrid power electronic transformer (HPET), which aims to improve the accommodation capacity of the distribution network for DG. The steady-state of HPET are described by establishing a voltage source model and a power injection model, and the HPET sequential linear programming (SLP) method is proposed by considering the nonlinear voltage capability and the constraints of power electronic devices. Through example simulation verification, the proposed method provides a low-cost and efficient voltage/reactive power control solution for the distribution network high-penetration DG access by coordinating the operation of multiple HPET, which improves the utilization of DG in the distribution network.

Key words: hybrid power electronics transformer, distribution network, distributed generation

LI Yuehua, WANG Shuai, MA Zhuoran, YANG Zhiming, LIAO Xiaobing. Power Flow Optimization and Control Method for Distribution Networks Based on Hybrid Power Electronics Transformers[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(10): 171-179.

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/EN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202505070

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/EN/Y2025/V58/I10/171

Figures/Tables 9

References 28

1	郑国光. 支撑“双碳”目标实现的问题辨识与关键举措研究[J]. 中国电力, 2023, 56 (11): 1- 8.
	ZHENG Guoguang. Problem identification and key measures to support the achievement of carbon peak and carbon neutrality[J]. Electric Power, 2023, 56 (11): 1- 8.
2	王金丽, 李丰胜, 解芳, 等. “双碳”战略背景下新型配电系统技术标准体系[J]. 中国电力, 2023, 56 (5): 22- 31.
	WANG Jinli, LI Fengsheng, XIE Fang, et al. Research on technical standard system of new distribution system under double-carbon strategy[J]. Electric Power, 2023, 56 (5): 22- 31.
3	闫朝阳, 李蓝青, 徐浩嘉, 等. 基于白鲨算法与改进长短期记忆网络的光伏出力预测[J]. 发电技术, 2025, 46 (4): 778- 787.
	YAN Chaoyang, LI Lanqing, XU Haojia, et al. Photovoltaic output prediction based on improved long short-term memory network using white shark optimization algorithm[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2025, 46 (4): 778- 787.
4	蒋宇, 吕干云, 贾德香, 等. 考虑用户充电行为和光伏不确定性的光储充电站储能容量优化配置[J]. 浙江电力, 2024, 43 (5): 10- 17.
	JIANG Yu, LV Ganyun, JIA Dexiang, et al. Optimal allocation of energy storage capacity for photovoltaic energy storage charging stations considering EV user behavior and photovoltaic uncertainty[J]. Zhejiang Electric Power, 2024, 43 (5): 10- 17.
5	周洋, 黄德志, 李培栋, 等. 考虑平衡端点相位不对称及光伏接入的低压配电网三相潮流模型[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57 (10): 190- 198.
	ZHOU Yang, HUANG Dezhi, LI Peidong, et al. A three-phase power flow model for low-voltage distribution networks considering balanced bus phase asymmetry and photovoltaic access[J]. Electric Power, 2024, 57 (10): 190- 198.
6	陆健, 邹晓峰, 李凡, 等. 考虑分布式新能源及其随机性的智能电网自愈控制研究[J]. 电测与仪表, 2025, 62 (7): 156- 164.
	LU Jian, ZOU Xiaofeng, LI Fan, et al. Research on self-healing control of smart grid considering the randomness of distributed new energy[J]. Electrical Measurement & Instrumentation, 2025, 62 (7): 156- 164.
7	缪雨函, 许寅, 王颖. 面向恢复力提升的高比例分布式光伏接入配电网规划方法[J]. 山东电力技术, 2024, 51 (8): 1- 9.
	MIAO Yuhan, XU Yin, WANG Ying. Planning of distribution system integrated with high-penetration photovoltaic for the resilience improvement[J]. Shandong Electric Power, 2024, 51 (8): 1- 9.
8	高杉, 邢洁, 单英浩, 等. 考虑光伏换相与柔性负荷协同的配电网三相不平衡研究[J]. 发电技术, 2025, 46 (4): 768- 777.
	GAO Shan, XING Jie, SHAN Yinghao, et al. Research on three-phase imbalance in distribution networks considering coordinated photovoltaic phase switching and flexible load[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2025, 46 (4): 768- 777.
9	杨彪, 颜伟, 莫静山. 考虑源荷功率随机性和相关性的主导节点选择与无功分区方法[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2021, 45 (11): 61- 67.
	YANG Biao, YAN Wei, MO Jingshan. Pilot-bus selection and network partitioning method considering randomness and correlation of source-load power[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2021, 45 (11): 61- 67.
10	李童宇, 武浩然, 陈衡, 等. 考虑储能调控优化的配电网分布式电源选址定容[J]. 浙江电力, 2024, 43 (6): 41- 51.
	LI Tongyu, WU Haoran, CHEN Heng, et al. Placement and sizing of distributed generation in distribution networks considering energy storage scheduling optimization[J]. Zhejiang Electric Power, 2024, 43 (6): 41- 51.
11	姚军, 陆俊, 廖一璞, 等. 考虑配电网状态的共享储能优化运行方法[J]. 湖南电力, 2024, 44 (1): 67- 76.
	YAO Jun, LU Jun, LIAO Yipu, et al. Optimal operation method of shared energy storage considering distribution network state[J]. Hunan Electric Power, 2024, 44 (1): 67- 76.
12	龚俊祥, 徐有琳, 张菁, 等. 新型电力系统下配电网网络结构研究[J]. 山东电力技术, 2024, 51 (1): 45- 51.
	GONG Junxiang, XU Youlin, ZHANG Jing, et al. Research on the network structure of new power system distribution network[J]. Shandong Electric Power, 2024, 51 (1): 45- 51.
13	陈朋, 李磊, 颜世凯. 基于电力电子器件的配电变压器有载调压技术研究[J]. 变压器, 2021, 58 (2): 30- 35.
	CHEN Peng, LI Lei, YAN Shikai. Research on on-load tap-changing technology of distribution transformer based on power electronic devices[J]. Transformer, 2021, 58 (2): 30- 35.
14	黎家明, 霍群海, 尹靖元, 等. 考虑柔性有载调压变压器的两阶段电压无功优化协调控制方法研究[J]. 电网技术, 2025, 49 (1): 272- 283.
	LI Jiaming, HUO Qunhai, YIN Jingyuan, et al. Research on two-stage voltage and reactive power optimization coordinated control method considering flexible on-load tap changer[J]. Power System Technology, 2025, 49 (1): 272- 283.
15	刘水, 彭宏亮, 肖东裕, 等. 混合型有载调压变压器拓扑结构及控制策略研究[J]. 浙江电力, 2024, 43 (10): 124- 132.
	LIU Shui, PENG Hongliang, XIAO Dongyu, et al. Research on topological structure and control strategy of a hybrid on-load tap changer transformer[J]. Zhejiang Electric Power, 2024, 43 (10): 124- 132.
16	刘水, 张胜强, 唐伟华, 等. 柔性有载调压变压器电压无功协调控制策略[J]. 电力工程技术, 2024, 43 (6): 203- 213.
	LIU Shui, ZHANG Shengqiang, TANG Weihua, et al. Voltage and reactive power coordinated control strategy for flexible on-load tap changer[J]. Electric Power Engineering Technology, 2024, 43 (6): 203- 213.
17	孙汝羿, 袁至, 王维庆, 等. 源荷波动时含固态变压器的有源配电网动态无功优化方法[J]. 可再生能源, 2024, 42 (7): 937- 945.
	SUN Ruyi, YUAN Zhi, WANG Weiqing, et al. Dynamic reactive power optimization method of active distribution network with solid state transformer under source load fluctuation[J]. Renewable Energy Resources, 2024, 42 (7): 937- 945.
18	赵伟, 袁至, 王维庆, 等. 基于LQIR的MMC-SST输入级控制策略研究[J]. 可再生能源, 2023, 41 (4): 522- 529.
	ZHAO Wei, YUAN Zhi, WANG Weiqing, et al. Research on MMC-SST input stage control strategy based on LQIR[J]. Renewable Energy Resources, 2023, 41 (4): 522- 529.
19	梁法政, 张莲, 杨家豪, 等. 面向非均衡数据的CatBoost-SHAP变压器故障诊断研究[J]. 湖南电力, 2024, 44 (5): 131- 138.
	LIANG Fazheng, ZHANG Lian, YANG Jiahao, et al. CatBoost-SHAP transformer fault diagnosis study for unbalanced data[J]. Hunan Electric Power, 2024, 44 (5): 131- 138.
20	贾俊青, 段玮頔. 基于模糊理论的输电网络电压无功控制策略[J]. 沈阳工业大学学报, 2024, 46 (1): 35- 41.
	JIA Junqing, DUAN Weidi. Voltage and reactive power control strategy of transmission networks based on fuzzy theory[J]. Journal of Shenyang University of Technology, 2024, 46 (1): 35- 41.
21	张静忠, 蒙飞, 孙阳, 等. 考虑有功不确定性的配电网新能源无功优化控制[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57 (3): 51- 59.
	ZHANG Jingzhong, MENG Fei, SUN Yang, et al. Reactive power optimization control for renewable energy in distribution networks considering active power uncertainties[J]. Electric Power, 2024, 57 (3): 51- 59.
22	钱乙卫, 田浩, 刘财华, 等. 考虑概率分布的分布式光伏无功下垂控制策略[J]. 发电技术, 2024, 45 (2): 273- 281.
	QIAN Yiwei, TIAN Hao, LIU Caihua, et al. Droop control strategy of distributed photovoltaic reactive power considering probability distribution[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2024, 45 (2): 273- 281.
23	ZHENG L R, MARELLAPUDI A, CHOWDHURY V R, et al. Solid-state transformer and hybrid transformer with integrated energy storage in active distribution grids: technical and economic comparison, dispatch, and control[J]. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2022, 10 (4): 3771- 3787.
24	时圣尧, 姜明磊, 张贺一, 等. 高比例风电接入的送端混合级联直流输电系统无功协调控制策略[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2024, 46 (11): 83- 91.
	SHI Shengyao, JIANG Minglei, ZHANG Heyi, et al. Reactive power coordination control strategy for sending-end hybrid cascaded HVDC transmission system with high proportion of wind power integration[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2024, 46 (11): 83- 91.
25	颜伟, 杨彪, 莫静山, 等. 交直流系统主导节点选择与无功分区的概率优化方法[J]. 中国电力, 2020, 53 (8): 77- 84.
	YAN Wei, YANG Biao, MO Jingshan, et al. Probabilistic optimization method for pilot-bus selection and network partitioning of AC/DC system[J]. Electric Power, 2020, 53 (8): 77- 84.
26	张智光, 倪秋龙, 廖培, 等. 计及新能源消纳的地区电网无功电压优化控制策略[J]. 浙江电力, 2023, 42 (1): 46- 53.
	ZHANG Zhiguang, NI Qiulong, LIAO Pei, et al. An optimal reactive voltage control strategy for regional power grids considering new energy consumption[J]. Zhejiang Electric Power, 2023, 42 (1): 46- 53.
27	BAZRAFSHAN M, GATSIS N, ZHU H. Optimal power flow with step-voltage regulators in multi-phase distribution networks[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2019, 34 (6): 4228- 4239.
28	ZHAO J Q, LIU X, LIN C N, et al. Three-phase unbalanced voltage/VAR optimization for active distribution networks[C]//2016 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM). Boston, MA. IEEE, 2016: 1–5.

HPET	R^F/Ω	X^F/Ω	R^H/Ω	X^H/Ω	S^F/(MV·A)	S^M/(MV·A)
1	0.82	0.27	0	0.086	3.0	0.30
2	0.06	0.16	0	0.017	5.0	0.50
3	2.03	1.03	0	0.228	3.5	0.35

HPET	R^F/Ω	X^F/Ω	R^H/Ω	X^H/Ω	S^F/(MV·A)	S^M/(MV·A)
1	0.82	0.27	0	0.086	3.0	0.30
2	0.06	0.16	0	0.017	5.0	0.50
3	2.03	1.03	0	0.228	3.5	0.35

w₁	w₂	$\displaystyle\sum_{i\in \mathcal{N}^{\rm DG} }\displaystyle\sum_{\phi\in \varOmega} P_{i,\phi}^{\rm DG} $/MW	迭代次数	状态	时间/s
0	0	34.50	14	最优	80.10
0	0.01	33.15	49	步长限制终止	257.27
0	0.001	34.20	19	步长限制终止	117.53
0.010	0	27.03	19	步长限制终止	85.99
0.010	0.010	27.03	19	步长限制终止	89.01
0.010	0.001	27.03	19	步长限制终止	111.26
0.001	0	34.30	17	步长限制终止	108.91
0.001	0.010	34.13	16	步长限制终止	103.44
0.001	0.001	34.13	16	步长限制终止	102.61

w₁	w₂	$\displaystyle\sum_{i\in \mathcal{N}^{\rm DG} }\displaystyle\sum_{\phi\in \varOmega} P_{i,\phi}^{\rm DG} $/MW	迭代次数	状态	时间/s
0	0	34.50	14	最优	80.10
0	0.01	33.15	49	步长限制终止	257.27
0	0.001	34.20	19	步长限制终止	117.53
0.010	0	27.03	19	步长限制终止	85.99
0.010	0.010	27.03	19	步长限制终止	89.01
0.010	0.001	27.03	19	步长限制终止	111.26
0.001	0	34.30	17	步长限制终止	108.91
0.001	0.010	34.13	16	步长限制终止	103.44
0.001	0.001	34.13	16	步长限制终止	102.61

[1]	JIA Dongli, REN Zhaoying, LIU Keyan, YE Xueshun, LI Yuetao, XU Limei. Fault current calculation method for multi-terminal DC distribution networks considering multiple distributed generation [J]. Electric Power, 2026, 59(1): 84-96.
[2]	WANG Shuai, JIA Dongli, LIU Keyan, YE Xueshun, SHENG Wanxing. Improved fault protection strategy for active distribution networks adapting to high proportion photovoltaic access [J]. Electric Power, 2026, 59(1): 105-114.
[3]	ZHANG Yumin, WANG Delong, ZHANG Xiao, JI Xingquan, ZHANG Xiangxing, HUANG Xinyue, WANG Xuelin. CNN-BiGRU-ATT multi-branched distribution network fault location based on multi-dimensional fault feature extraction [J]. Electric Power, 2026, 59(1): 163-174.
[4]	LIU Han, LIU Jindong, LI He, LI Yanli, YU Qiyuan, ZHAO Yuan, GENG Yanan. Leakage Fault Identification of PV-Integrated Distribution Networks Based on CEEMDAN and NRBO-XGBoost [J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(9): 23-32.
[5]	ZHAO Shanshan, Gao Fei, LI Yajie, LI Jianfang, ZHANG Yu, DUAN Xiangjun, DONG Weijie. Multi-objective Optimization Control of Flexible Distribution Networks with Microgrid Clusters Based on Improved Memetic Algorithm [J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(9): 97-104.
[6]	WANG Shiqian, HAN Ding, WANG Nan, BAI Hongkun, SONG Dawei, HU Caihong. Cooperative Scheduling of Active Distribution Network Based on Two Layer Master Slave Game [J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(9): 105-114.
[7]	JI Xingquan, MAO Huizong, YE Pingfeng, LIU Zhiqiang, ZHANG Xiangxing, HUANG Xinyue, NI Yachao. Single-Pole High-Resistance Grounding Protection for DC Distribution Lines Based on Current Integral Quantity Correlation [J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(8): 12-22, 30.
[8]	LI Zhipeng, LIU Shaobo, YANG Hao, DONG Rui, QI Chenfeng, SHEN Shuo, ZHAO Peng. Synergistic Optimization of Harmonic Suppression and Loss Reduction in Distribution Networks Based on PSO [J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(8): 50-59.
[9]	LIU Junhui, GONG Jian, TONG Bingshen, LI Songjie, ZHANG Yihan, CUI Shichang, TIAN Chunzheng, ZHANG Yongbin. Coordinated Optimization Method for Virtual Power Plants and Distribution Networks Considering Distributed Energy Storage and Photovoltaics [J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(6): 1-9.
[10]	QIN Kun, QU Zhijiang, HAN Jianwei, XU Tao, GAO Feng, CHI Xiaoli. Battery Optimization Operation Strategy for the "SOP-Storage-Charger" Devices Based on Adjustable Virtual Impedance [J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(6): 145-155.
[11]	SUN Qixing, ZHANG Chao, ZHANG Mengge, YOU Peipei, LI Junlong. Reserve Fee Mechanism Design for Distributed Generation Users Adapting to New Power Systems [J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(6): 190-197.
[12]	LI Peng, ZU Wenjing, LIU Yixin, TIAN Chunzheng, HAO Yuanzhao, LI Huixuan. State Estimation Method for Distribution Network Based on Incomplete Measurement Data [J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(5): 1-10.
[13]	WANG Jinfeng, LI Jinpeng, XU Yinliang, LIU Haitao, HE Jinxiong, XU Jianyuan. Distributed Optimization for VPP and Distribution Network Operation Considering Uncertainty and Green Certificate Market [J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(4): 21-30, 192.
[14]	XU Huihui, TIAN Yunfei, ZHAO Yuyang, PENG Jing, SHI Qingxin, CHENG Rui. A Reliability Assessment Method for Distribution Networks Based on Conditional Generative Adversarial Network and Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning [J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(4): 230-236.
[15]	QIAO Li, MO Shi, GUO Mingyu, CUI Shichang, ZHANG Zitong, WANG Bo, AI Xiaomeng, FANG Jiakun, CAO Yuancheng, YAO Wei, WEN Jinyu. DLMP Signal-Driven Orientated Inner Approximation Aggregation Scheduling Method for Distributed Resources in Distribution Networks [J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(12): 50-62.