Dynamic Modeling and Control Strategy for Hybrid Energy Storage System Considering State of Charge and Storage State of Hydrogen

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202402052

Abstract

Abstract:

Energy storage is one of the important methods for mitigating the fluctuation of renewable energy. A refined simulation model is presented that can describe the material transport and energy conversion in a proton exchange membrane electrolyser (PEM). The model is constructed based on the component structure of the PEM, as well as the principles of electrochemistry and thermal equilibrium, taking into account the phenomenon of internal gas transport across the membrane. Based on this model, an electricity-hydrogen coupling system including electrochemical energy storage and hydrogen energy storage is established. A two-layer coordinated control strategy considering the charge state of electrochemical energy storage and the hydrogen state of hydrogen energy storage is proposed. The upper-layer power allocation considers the changes in electric and hydrogen load demands in the system, and uses the battery state of charge and hydrogen storage tank state of hydrogen as important constraints to determine the operating modes for each device in the system. The bottom layer control achieves power tracking adjustment by utilizing PQ control, VQ control, and other methods according to equipment operating characteristics. The effectiveness of this proposed model and control method is verified through simulations under several different operation scenarios. The research results can provide support for the optimization of control strategies for wind-photovoltaic-hydrogen storage systems.

Key words: renewable energy, hydrogen energy storage, electrochemical energy storage, state of charge, storage state of hydrogen, coordinated control

Chong SHAO, Rongyi HU, Jiao YU, Mingdian WANG. Dynamic Modeling and Control Strategy for Hybrid Energy Storage System Considering State of Charge and Storage State of Hydrogen[J]. Electric Power, 2024, 57(7): 109-124.

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URL: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/EN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202402052

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/EN/Y2024/V57/I7/109

Figures/Tables 24

Fig.1 Wind-photovoltaic-hydrogen-storage system topology

Fig.2 Electrochemical energy storage unit model

Fig.3 Model of proton exchange membrane electrolyser

Fig.4 Dynamic simulation model of proton exchange membrane electrolyser

Fig.5 Dynamic simulation model of hydrogen storage tank

Fig.6 Electrochemical energy storage unit control structure

Fig.7 Electrolyser power control structure

Fig.8 Grid-side control structure of proton exchange membrane electrolyser

Fig.9 Upper layer power control flow

Fig.10 Power and state of charge variation curves of electrochemical energy storage unit

Table 1 Parameters of PEM

$A/$ ${\text{c}}{{\text{m}}^{\text{2}}}$		${j_{{\text{0,an}}}}/$ $({\text{A}} \cdot {\text{c}}{{\text{m}}^{{{ - 2}}}})$		${j_{{\text{0,cat}}}}/$ $({\text{A}} \cdot {\text{c}}{{\text{m}}^{{{ - 2}}}})$		$N$		${\alpha _{{\text{an}}}}$		${n_{\text{d}}}$		${\alpha _{{\text{cat}}}}$		$\lambda $
${\text{160}}$		$1 \times {10^{ - 4}}$		$0.013$		$1$		$0.98$		$7$		$0.6$		$15$

Fig.11 Polarization curves for different operating conditions of electrolyser

Fig.12 Comparison of electrolyser operating temperature profiles

Table 2 Parameters of electrochemical energy storage units

荷电状态下限$ {S_{ {\text{SOC}}\min }}/\text% $		荷电状态上限$ {S_{ {\text{SOC}}\max }}/\text% $
20		80

Table 3 Parameters of hydrogen storage tank

储氢罐体积$ {V_{\text{s}}}/{{\text{m}}^3} $		储氢罐温度$ {T_{\text{s}}}/{\text{K}} $		储氢状态下限$ {S_{ {\text{SOH}}\min }}/\text% $		储氢状态上限$ {S_{ {\text{SOH}}\max }}/\text% $
1		303.15		20		80

Table 4 System load settings in regular operation scenarios

时间/s	电负荷/kW	氢负荷/(mol·s^–1)
[0, 20)	650	0.4
[20, 40)	1000	0.4
[40, 50)	1080	0.6
[50, 60)	1180	0.6
[60, 80)	980	0.3
[80, 100]	1280	0.3

Fig.13 Simulation results in regular operation scenarios

Table 5 Wind-photovoltaic-hydrogen-storage system operation mode

时间/s		模式
[0, 20)		4
[20, 40)		12
[40, 60)		5
[60, 80)		4
[80, 100]		12

Table 6 System load settings in scenario 1

时间/s	电负荷/kW	氢负荷/(mol·s^–1)
[0, 20)	740	0.45
[20, 40)	940	0.45
[40, 50)	890	0.45
[50, 70)	890	0.5
[70, 80)	820	0.5
[80, 90)	710	0.3
[90, 100]	1110	0.3

Fig.14 Simulation results in scenario 1

Table 7 Operation modes in scenario 1

时间/s	模式	时间/s	模式
[0, 35.3)	12	[70, 90)	4
[35.3, 40)	13	[90, 94.5)	12
[40, 70)	7	[94.5, 100]	9

Table 8 System load settings in scenario 2

时间/s	电负荷/kW	氢负荷/(mol·s^–1)
[0,30)	697	0.75
[30,60)	710	0.3
[60,80)	603	0.3
[80,100]	581	0.3

Fig.15 Simulation results in scenario 2

Table 9 Operation modes in scenario 2

时间/s	模式	时间/s	模式
[0, 10)	1	[30, 71.6)	6
[10, 20)	2	[71.6, 80)	8
[20, 30)	3	[80, 100]	12

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