组件式移动充电设施布局优化方法与投放策略

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202501026

中国电力 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (4): 107-118.DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202501026

• 大规模新能源汽车与城乡电网融合互动 • 上一篇下一篇

组件式移动充电设施布局优化方法与投放策略

郑佳俊¹(), 段小宇¹(), 胡泽春¹(), 胡晓锐², 朱彬²

1. 清华大学电机工程与应用电子技术系，北京　100084
2. 国网重庆市电力有限公司，重庆　400023

收稿日期:2025-01-08 录用日期:2025-04-08 发布日期:2025-04-23 出版日期:2025-04-28
作者简介:
郑佳俊（2002），男，博士研究生，从事电动汽车充电设施规划与运行研究，E-mail：1402159187@qq.com
段小宇（1994），男，博士，从事电动汽车充电设施规划与运行、能源互联网与交通网协同优化等研究工作，E-mail：duanxy@tsinghua.edu.cn
胡泽春（1979），男，通信作者，博士生导师，长聘副教授，从事电力系统规划与运行、智能电网、电动汽车接入电网等研究工作，E-mail：zechhu@tsinghua.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家电网有限公司科技项目（5400-202327232A-1-1-ZN）。

Modular Mobile Charging Facility Layout Optimization Method and Deployment Strategy

ZHENG Jiajun¹(), DUAN Xiaoyu¹(), HU Zechun¹(), HU Xiaorui², ZHU Bin²

1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
2. State Grid Chongqing Electric Power Co., Ltd., Chongqing 400023, China

Received:2025-01-08 Accepted:2025-04-08 Online:2025-04-23 Published:2025-04-28
Supported by:
This work is supported by the Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China (No.5400-202327232A-1-1-ZN).

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对组件式移动充电设施这一新型电动汽车补电设施，研究其插座组件规划与充电器组件投放调度方法。首先，建立电动汽车用户出行的机理模型，预测城区内充电需求的时空分布。其次，在上层建立以运营商收益最优为目标的充电设施插座组件规划模型。然后，在下层针对车辆路由问题，建立充电设施充电器组件的优化投放模型。最后，设计基于分步解耦和迭代反馈的优化模型求解方法。算例仿真结果表明，组件式移动充电设施可以在满足用户充电需求的前提下降低充电运营商的成本、提升设备利用率，是固定式充电设施的有益补充。

关键词: 电动汽车, 组件式移动充电设施, 充电需求, 布局规划, 投放运行

Abstract:

This paper investigates the layout planning and deployment strategy for modular mobile charging facilities, a novel type of charging facilities for electric vehicles. Firstly, an electric vehicle user travel mechanism model is established to predict the spatial and temporal distribution of charging demand at the node level. Secondly, a socket component planning model is developed for the upper layer with the objective of optimal operator revenue. Then, a charger components optimal deployment model is established for the lower layer based on the vehicle routing problem. Finally, an algorithm based on iteration and feedback is designed to solve it. The example simulation results show that, as an effective complement to fixed charging facilities, the modular facilities can reduce the operator's operational cost and increase the equipment utilization rate while meeting the users' charging demand.

Key words: electric vehicle, modular mobile charging facility, charging demand, layout planning, deployment and operation

郑佳俊, 段小宇, 胡泽春, 胡晓锐, 朱彬. 组件式移动充电设施布局优化方法与投放策略[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(4): 107-118.

ZHENG Jiajun, DUAN Xiaoyu, HU Zechun, HU Xiaorui, ZHU Bin. Modular Mobile Charging Facility Layout Optimization Method and Deployment Strategy[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(4): 107-118.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202501026

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V58/I4/107

图/表 16

图 1 组件式移动充电设施使用模式

Fig.1 Usage patterns of modular mobile charging facilities

图 2 组件式移动充电设施布局规划与投放优化实施方案

Fig.2 Implementation scheme of the optimal planning and deployment for modular mobile charging facilities

图 3 电动汽车状态转移规则

Fig.3 Transition rules for the state of electric vehicles

图 4 布局规划与投放运行求解流程

Fig.4 Solution flow for planning and deployment operation

图 5 含城市功能区划分的Sioux-Falls交通网络

Fig.5 Sioux-Falls transportation network with functional zones

表 1 测试区域内原有固定式充电设施分布

Table 1 Distribution of existing fixed charging facilities in the test area

节点序号	固定式充电设施数量	充电设施所有方
8	5	我方运营商
9	10	其他运营商
21	5	我方运营商
23	10	其他运营商

表 2 吸引力参数设置

Table 2 Attraction parameter settings

节点序号	吸引力因子	节点序号	吸引力因子
2	1	15	1
3	2	18	1
5	3	19	1
7	1	20	3
8	1	21	3
10	4	22	1
13	3	23	1
14	4	24	2

表 3 电动汽车参数设置

Table 3 Electric vehicle parameter settings

参数名称	参数值/分布	参数下限	参数上限
电池容量/(kW·h)	80	/	/
起始状态SOC	N(0.5, 0.1)	0.2	0.9
SOC最低心理阈值	N(0.4, 0.05)	0.2	0.6
SOC最高心理阈值	N(0.8, 0.05)	0.7	1
单位里程耗电量/(kW·h·km^–1)	0.2	/	/
月收入/元	N(8000, 10000)	5000	50000

表 4 充电设施参数设置

Table 4 Electric vehicle parameter settings

参数名称		数值
额定充电功率/kW		80
充电效率		0.95
使用年限/年		10
场地租金价格/(元·年^–1)		40000
插座组件单价/元		100000
充电器组件单价/元		20000
折现率		0.03

图 6 3种典型日的电动汽车单位出发率

Fig.6 The unit departure rate of EVs on three typical days

图 7 分时充电价格曲线

Fig.7 Time-of-use charging price curve

表 5 组件式充电设施插座组件规划结果

Table 5 Planning results for modular charging facility socket component

节点序号	插座组件数量/个	节点序号	插座组件数量/个
3	7	8	4
6	10	13	12
7	6	21	2

表 6 组件式充电设施充电器组件投放结果

Table 6 Deployment results for modular charging facility charger component

时段		不同节点充电器组件数量/个
时段		3	6	7	8	13	21
工作日	时段1	6	5	4	2	6	0
	时段2	7	5	4	2	12	0
	时段3	6	5	4	2	6	0
	时段4	6	8	6	2	6	2
星期五	时段1	6	7	6	3	6	0
	时段2	7	4	4	3	12	0
	时段3	7	7	2	3	6	0
	时段4	6	7	6	3	6	2
周末	时段1	7	10	3	4	5	0
	时段2	7	10	3	4	5	0
	时段3	7	10	3	4	5	0
	时段4	7	10	6	4	5	0

图 8 工作日电动汽车充电情况

Fig.8 Electric vehicle charging on weekdays

图 9 应用移动和固定式2种充电设施下的节点13充电站运行情况

Fig.9 Node 13 charging station operation in the case of applying the mobile and fixed charging facilities separately

图 10 工作日运输车转运路径

Fig.10 Weekday transit route for transportation trucks

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组件式移动充电设施布局优化方法与投放策略

Modular Mobile Charging Facility Layout Optimization Method and Deployment Strategy

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