计及现货交易的电能量交易全环节用电碳责任分摊

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202401120

中国电力 ›› 2024, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (5): 99-112.DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202401120

• 新型能源体系下电碳协同市场机制及优化运行 • 上一篇下一篇

计及现货交易的电能量交易全环节用电碳责任分摊

李汶龙¹(), 周云¹(), 罗祾²(), 陈甜甜²(), 冯冬涵¹()

1. 电力传输与功率变换控制教育部重点实验室（上海交通大学），上海　200240
2. 国网上海市电力公司电力科学研究院，上海　200437

收稿日期:2024-01-26 接受日期:2024-04-10 出版日期:2024-05-28 发布日期:2024-05-16
作者简介:李汶龙（2001—），男，硕士研究生，从事电力市场、电力系统低碳优化研究，E-mail：wenlong_li@sjtu.edu.cn
周云（1990—），男，博士，讲师，从事电/综合能源系统应急、用电能效管理研究，E-mail：yun.zhou@sjtu.edu.cn
罗祾（1983—），男，博士，正高级工程师，从事智能电网、电力系统低碳优化研究，E-mail：luol@sh.sgcc.com.cn
陈甜甜（1988—），女，硕士，高级工程师，从事城市能源互联网、电力系统低碳研究，E-mail：chentiantian@sh.sgcc.com.cn
冯冬涵（1981—），男，通信作者，教授，博士生导师，从事电力市场研究，E-mail：seed@sjtu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目（52077139、51677115）；上海市优秀学术带头人项目（23XD1422000）；国网上海市电力公司科技项目（SGSHDK00HZJS2310201）。

Carbon Allocation Throughout the Entire Process of Electric Energy Trading Considering Spot Trading

Wenlong LI¹(), Yun ZHOU¹(), Ling LUO²(), Tiantian CHEN²(), Donghan FENG¹()

1. Key Laboratory of Control of Power Transmission and Conversion, Ministry of Education (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Shanghai 200240, China
2. State Grid Shanghai Electric Power Research Institute, Shanghai 200437, China

Received:2024-01-26 Accepted:2024-04-10 Online:2024-05-28 Published:2024-05-16
Supported by:
This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52077139, No.51677115), Shanghai Outstanding Academic Leaders Program (No.23XD1422000) and Science and Technology Project of State Grid Shanghai Electric Power Company (No.SGSHDK00HZJS2310201).

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在双碳目标背景下，电力用户在电力交易中越来越重视电能所附带的环境属性。因此，需要开展以交易为主体的用电碳责任分摊方法研究。在充分考虑电能量交易全环节的特性基础上，提出了现货交易的碳排放流新模型与求解新方法，设计了电能量交易各环节碳流的衔接机制，构建了一种计及现货交易的电能量交易全环节用电碳责任分摊方法。使用PJM 5节点系统与IEEE 39、118节点系统进行的算例分析结果表明，所提方法可以稳定合理地实现现货交易碳分摊，有效建模电能量交易全环节对碳分摊的影响，帮助市场主体管控碳责任风险，且具有良好计算性能。

关键词: 碳排放流, 电力市场, 碳计量, 碳市场

Abstract:

In the context of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, power consumers are increasingly paying attention to the environmental attributes associated with traded energy in power transactions. Therefore, the development of a trading-based method for allocating carbon responsibility to power consumers is imperative. This paper fully considers the trading characteristics across the entire process of electric energy trading, proposes a new carbon emission flow model and new solution method for spot trading, designs a connection mechanism for the carbon emission flow of each process of electric energy trading, and establishes a carbon allocation method throughout the entire process of electric energy trading considering spot trading. Finally, this paper conducted numerical analysis using the PJM 5-bus system, IEEE 39-bus system and IEEE 118-bus system. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can stably and reasonably achieve the allocation of spot trading carbon responsibility, assist market participants in managing carbon responsibility risks, efficiently model the impact of the entire process of electric energy trading on carbon allocation, and demonstrate efficient computational performance.

Key words: carbon emission flow, electricity market, carbon measurement, carbon market

李汶龙, 周云, 罗祾, 陈甜甜, 冯冬涵. 计及现货交易的电能量交易全环节用电碳责任分摊[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(5): 99-112.

Wenlong LI, Yun ZHOU, Ling LUO, Tiantian CHEN, Donghan FENG. Carbon Allocation Throughout the Entire Process of Electric Energy Trading Considering Spot Trading[J]. Electric Power, 2024, 57(5): 99-112.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202401120

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2024/V57/I5/99

图/表 21

图 1 电能量交易全环节结构

Fig.1 Entire process of electric energy trading

图 2 交易的可分解、可合并性

Fig.2 Decomposability and combinability of transactions

图 3 现货交易碳分摊中新能源等效负荷示意

Fig.3 Renewable energy equivalent load in spot trading carbon allocation scenario

图 4 特殊的悬空节点

Fig.4 Special suspended buses

图 5 系统碳流无解情形示意

Fig.5 Carbon emission flow no solution

图 6 现货碳排放流求解新方法

Fig.6 New solution method of spot carbon emission flow

图 7 电能量交易全环节用电碳分摊方法流程

Fig.7 Flowchart of carbon allocation method considering the entire process of electric energy trading

图 8 5节点系统拓扑

Fig.8 Topology of 5-bus system

表 1 机组参数设置

Table 1 Unit parameter setting

序号	节点	额定容量/MW	类型	机组碳排放强度/ (t·(MW·h)^–1)
G1	1	120	燃气	实测*
G2	1	120	燃气	实测*
G3	3	600	燃煤	实测*
G4	4	320	燃煤	实测*
G5	4	100	光伏	0
G6	5	306	风电	0

图 9 新能源出力及负荷曲线

Fig.9 Renewable energy and load curve

表 2 现货交易碳分摊方式的对比

Table 2 Comparison of spot trading carbon allocation methods

场景	节点序号	A方式下节点碳强度/(t·(MW·h)^–1)	B方式下节点碳强度/(t·(MW·h)^–1)	C方式下节点碳强度/(t·(MW·h)^–1)
日前交易	1	节点碳强度无解	0.8340	0.8191
	2		0.8340	0.8191
	3		0.8212	0.8210
	4		0.8581	0.8099
	5		0.8101	0.8191
实时平衡	1	0.9671	0.9671	0.8418
	2	0.8348	0.8348	0.8230
	3	0.8210	0.8210	0.8210
	4	0.9671	0.9671	0.8418
	5	–1453.3	–1453.3	0.8418

图 10 交易潮流与交易碳流分布

Fig.10 Distribution of trading carbon emission flow and trading power flow

图 11 主体L1与G4的电量、碳责任组成

Fig.11 Composition of energy and carbon for L1 and G4

表 3 常规碳分摊与交易全环节碳分摊的对比

Table 3 Comparison of normal carbon allocation and trading carbon allocation

场景	机组序号	机组碳排放/t	负荷序号	负荷碳责任/t	网损碳责任/t
常规用电碳分摊^[4-7]	G1	0	L1	178.17	0.55
	G2	0	L1	178.17
	G3	492.62	L2	265.75
	G4	185.96	L2	265.75
	G5	0	L3	234.11
	G6	0	L3	234.11
考虑电能量交易全环节用电碳分摊	G1	0	L1	131.84	0.50
	G2	0	L1	131.84
	G3	492.62	L2	265.74
	G4	185.96	L2	265.74
	G5	0+15.20	L3	267.19
	G6	0+(–1.89)	L3	267.19

图 12 多时段算例中本文方法的实时无偏性

Fig.12 The real-time unbiasedness of proposed method in multi-interval case

表 4 合约电量分解曲线对负荷L1碳风险管控的影响

Table 4 Impact of contract power decomposition curve on carbon risk management of load L1 单位：t

电量分解曲线	碳责任			总计
电量分解曲线	中长期	日前	平衡	总计
典型曲线	4341.59	405.82	–1.04	4746.37
自定义曲线	4365.53	381.88	–1.04	4746.37

表 5 新能源主体碳责任

Table 5 Carbon responsibility of renewable energy entities

项目	机组G5	机组G6
总日前交易碳责任/t	14.7877	–49.2002
总日前偏差电量/(MW·h)	–19.2400	66.9800
总实时平衡碳责任/t	–0.5700	2.4720
总实时偏差电量/(MW·h)	0.6735	–2.3928
总发电量/(MW·h)	330.98	2197.85

表 6 4类碳分摊方法的对比分析

Table 6 Comparison of 4 carbon allocation methods

场景	负荷序号	碳责任总量/t	碳锁定电量比例/%		不确定碳责任/t	网损/ (MW·h)
场景	负荷序号	碳责任总量/t	中长期	日前	不确定碳责任/t	网损/ (MW·h)
常规方法	L1 L2 L3	4746.4 6951.6 6255.5	0 0 0	0 0 0	4746.4 6951.6 6255.5	0 +23.525
方法1	L1 L2 L3	4981.6 6131.5 6863.8	9.85 11.82 8.28	9.85 11.82 8.28	4981.6 6131.5 6863.8	3.517 +20.008
方法2	L1 L2 L3	5261.4 5919.6 6802.8	93.05 107.60 91.62	93.05 107.60 91.62	507.53 –643.083 769.33	21.398 +2.127
本文方法	L1 L2 L3	5263.4 5915.8 6804.6	93.05 107.60 91.62	100.02 100.03 99.82	–1.04 –6.12 10.09	23.521 +0.004

图 13 负荷全天平均度电碳强度（不考虑交易）

Fig.13 Daily average carbon intensity of load (excluding trading)

图 14 负荷全天平均度电碳强度（考虑交易）

Fig.14 Daily average carbon intensity of load (including trading)

表 7 计算效率分析

Table 7 Calculation efficiency analysis

方法	不同算例规模的计算时间/s
方法	5节点	39节点	118节点
文献[32]方法	0.0042	0.0056	0.0072
本文方法	0.0539	0.1036	0.1224

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计及现货交易的电能量交易全环节用电碳责任分摊

Carbon Allocation Throughout the Entire Process of Electric Energy Trading Considering Spot Trading

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计及现货交易的电能量交易全环节用电碳责任分摊

Carbon Allocation Throughout the Entire Process of Electric Energy Trading Considering Spot Trading

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