考虑电-氢一体化的微电网低碳-经济协同优化调度

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202312018

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对微电网中缺乏对碳排放流特性的精确刻画，导致运行层面中微电网的低碳运行方式和经济运行方式之间矛盾凸显，低碳和经济难以兼顾的问题，构建了计及绿电制氢和多能耦合的电-氢一体化运行框架，提出了综合考虑碳排放流和低碳需求响应的微电网低碳-经济协同双层优化调度模型。上层优化调度模型中，以风光储氢一体化工业园区为典型微电网场景，以低碳性和经济性协调最优为目标，将源侧碳交易机制融入调度决策目标中，充分挖掘微电网低碳-经济协同运行方式，以此制定微电网最优低碳经济调度策略；下层低碳需求响应模型中，以微电网用户碳减排所节约的碳排放成本为激励信号，通过建立微电网能量流与碳排放流的映射关系，实现碳排放责任的转移和分摊以及对微电网运行中的碳排放特性精细化评估，进而建立由负荷碳排放强度时空差异性引导用户参与碳减排策略的低碳需求响应（demond response，DR）模型，深入挖掘微电网源-荷间的低碳性和经济性间的协同性。以某工业园区微电网为例，验证了所提模型能有效兼顾系统的低碳性和经济性。

关键词: 微电网, 电-氢一体化, 碳交易机制, 低碳调度, 需求响应, 碳排放流

Abstract:

In order to solve the problem that microgrids lack accurate characterization of carbon emission flow, which leads to the increasing contradiction between the low-carbon operation mode and the economic operation mode in operation level and the poor balance between low-carbon and economy, this paper constructs an electricity-hydrogen integrated operation framework considering power to hydrogen (P2H) and and multi-energy coupling, and proposes a low-carbon - economic collaborative double-layer optimal dispatching model for microgrid considering carbon emission flow and low-carbon demand response. In the upper optimization dispatching model, with the integrated wind, solar and hydrogen storage industrial park as a typical microgrid scenario and the coordinated optimization of low-carbon and economy as the objective, the source-side carbon trading mechanism is integrated into the dispatching decision-making objective to fully explore the low-carbon - economy coordinated operation mode of microgrid, with which the optimal low-carbon economic dispatching strategy of microgrid is formulated. In the low-carbon demand response model, with the saved carbon emission costs by reduced carbon emissions of microgrid users as an incentive signal, a mapping relationship between energy flow and carbon emission flow of microgrid is established to realize the transfer and allocation of carbon emission responsibilities and fine evaluation of carbon emission characteristics of microgrid operations, so as to establish a low-carbon DR model which guides users to participate in carbon emission reduction strategies according to the spatial and temporal differences of load carbon emission intensity, and to deeply explore the synergy between low-carbon and economy of source-load of microgrid. Finally, a case study of an industrial park microgrid is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model.

Key words: microgrid, electricity-hydrogen integration, carbon trading mechanism, low-carbon dispatch, demand response, carbon emission flow

谭玲玲, 汤伟, 楚冬青, 于子涵, 吉兴全, 张玉敏. 考虑电-氢一体化的微电网低碳-经济协同优化调度[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(5): 137-148.

Lingling TAN, Wei TANG, Dongqing CHU, Zihan YU, Xingquan JI, Yumin ZHANG. Low-Carbon-Economic Collaborative Optimal Dispatching of Microgrid Considering Electricity-Hydrogen Integration[J]. Electric Power, 2024, 57(5): 137-148.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202312018

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2024/V57/I5/137

图/表 16

图 1 电-氢一体化微电网结构

Fig.1 Integrated electricity-hydrogen microgrid structure

图 2 微电网低碳-经济协同优化模型求解流程

Fig.2 Solution flow chart for the low-carbon - economy collaborative optimal dispatching model of microgrid

图 3 测试系统

Fig.3 Test system

图 4 光伏出力和负荷曲线

Fig.4 Photovoltaic output and load curve

图 5 分时电价

Fig.5 Time of use price of electricity

表 1 电-氢一体化相关设备参数

Table 1 Parameters of equipment related to electricity-hydrogen integration

参数	数值	参数	数值
$ {\eta _{{\rm {GE}},t}} $	0.85	$ S_{\min}^{\rm H}$$、 S_{\max}^{\rm H} / \rm kW$	0、3000
$ P_{\min }^{{\rm{GE,e}}} $$、P_{\max }^{{\rm{GE,e}}}/\rm kW$	0、800	$ P_{\min }^{{\rm {H,ch}}} $$、P_{\max }^{{\rm {H,ch}}}/\rm kW $	0、1200
$ {{\Delta }}P_{\min }^{{\rm {GE}}}$$、 {{\Delta }}P_{\max }^{{\rm {GE}}}/\rm kW $	–600、600	$ {\eta _{{\rm {HFC}}}} $	0.80
$ \eta _{{\rm {ch}}}^{\rm {H}} $$、 \eta _{{\rm {dis}}}^{\rm {H}} $	0.95	$ P_{\min }^{{\rm {HFC,H}}} $$、P_{\max }^{{\rm {HFC,H}}} /\rm kW$	0、800
$ {{\Delta }}P_{\min }^{{\rm {HFC}}}$$、{{\Delta }}P_{\max }^{{\rm {HFC}}} /\rm kW$	–600、600	$ {c^{{\rm {eh}}}} /\rm (元\cdot(kW\cdot h)^{-1})$	0.02
$ {c^{{\rm {hfc}}}} 、$${c^{{\rm {hs}}}} /\rm (元\cdot(kW\cdot h)^{-1})$	0.03

表 2 电源和储能设备参数

Table 2 Parameters of power supply and energy storage equipment

参数	数值	参数	数值
$ \delta _t^{{\text{gt}}} /(\rm kg\cdot (kW\cdot h)^{-1})$	1.117	$ T_{}^{{\text{SOC}}}/\rm h $	2
$ P_{}^{{\text{gt,min}}} $、$ P_{}^{{\text{gt,max}}}/\rm kW$	50、600	$ \eta _{}^{{\text{ch}}} $、$ \eta _{}^{{\text{gt}}} $	0.9
$ \eta _{}^{{\text{dis}}} $	0.9	$ S_0^{{\text{SOC}}}/\rm kW$	50
$ P_{}^{{\text{es,}}\max } $、$ P_{}^{{\text{es,min}}} /\rm kW$	700、0

表 3 不同场景的经济成本

Table 3 Economic costs for different scenarios

项目	成本/万元
项目	场景1	场景2	场景3
总成本	2.010	1.184	1.109
运行成本	0.419	0.251	0.243
碳排放成本	0.256	0.163	0.154
购电成本	0.162	0.120	0.079
购气成本	0.776	0.465	0.461
弃风弃光成本	0.387	0.080	0.072
电氢一体化成本	—	0.104	0.101

图 6 不同场景各时段的碳排放量

Fig.6 Carbon emissions at each period for different scenarios

图 7 制氢量与新能源消纳的关系

Fig.7 Relationship between hydrogen production and new energy consumption

表 4 不同弃风和弃光成本的制氢量

Table 4 Hydrogen production under different curtailment costs of wind and PV

单位弃风成本 ${c^{\text{w}}} $/(元·kW^–1)	单位弃光成本 ${c^{\text{s}}} $/(元·kW^–1)	制氢量/kg
单位弃风成本 ${c^{\text{w}}} $/(元·kW^–1)	单位弃光成本 ${c^{\text{s}}} $/(元·kW^–1)	场景2	场景3
0.2	0.2	17262.74	16594.11
0.3	0.3	17428.11	16777.18
0.4	0.4	17730.62	17096.50

图 8 不同场景的负荷值和新能源出力结果

Fig.8 Load and renewable energy output for different scenarios

图 9 不同场景的GT和HFC出力结果

Fig.9 Output power of GT and HFC for different scenarios

图 10 节点碳势和需求响应前后的负荷值

Fig.10 Nodal carbon potential and load before and after demand response

图 11 各节点GT和新能源出力结果

Fig.11 Output power of GT and renewable energy at each node

图 12 收敛性结果

Fig.12 Convergence results

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