中国电力 ›› 2024, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (4): 52-60.DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202306045
张丝钰1(
), 张宁1(), 代红才1, 冯长有2, 周专3, 朱克平4
收稿日期:2023-06-14
出版日期:2024-04-28
发布日期:2024-04-26
作者简介:张丝钰（1993—），女，博士，研究员，从事氢能、能源电力规划、能源转型、综合能源等领域研究，E-mail：siyuzhang0731@163.com基金资助:
Siyu ZHANG1(), Ning ZHANG1(), Hongcai DAI1, Changyou FENG2, Zhuan ZHOU3, Keping ZHU4
Received:2023-06-14
Online:2024-04-28
Published:2024-04-26
Supported by:摘要：
可再生能源电解水制备所得的氢气，可助力部分难以实现电气化替代的部门深度脱碳，并推动不同部门和能源网络之间形成协同效应。系统配置与生产运行方案的优化是降低绿氢制取成本、提升其经济竞争力的关键。本文提出了一种可再生能源电解水制氢系统规划优化与生产模拟模型，深入分析风电/光伏、电化学储能等关键设备以及电解槽的容量配比、电价水平等关键因素对氢气平准化成本的影响机理，并结合西北、东南2个代表性地区开展典型案例研究。研究结果表明，用电成本是影响绿氢经济性的主要因素，绿氢项目向新能源富集地区聚集，在少数优质资源地的绿氢制取成本已降至20元/kg左右。若未来电价水平与当前基本持平，绿氢项目运行模式将逐步由并网向将电网作为备用的模式转变。研究结论可为绿氢项目的规划建设提供理论指导与重要参考。
张丝钰, 张宁, 代红才, 冯长有, 周专, 朱克平. 可再生能源电解水制氢系统规划优化与生产模拟[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(4): 52-60.
Siyu ZHANG, Ning ZHANG, Hongcai DAI, Changyou FENG, Zhuan ZHOU, Keping ZHU. Optimization and Simulation on Hydrogen Production System Using Water Electrolysis Powered by Renewable Energy[J]. Electric Power, 2024, 57(4): 52-60.
| 参数 | 当前 | 2030年 | ||
| 电解槽的设备投资成本X1/(元∙kW–1) | 1500 | 1000 | ||
| 电解槽的设备运维成本O1/(元∙(kW∙年)–1) | 70.5 | 47 | ||
| 光伏电站的设备投资成本X2/(元∙kW–1) | 3420 | 2050 | ||
| 光伏电站的设备运维成本O2/(元∙(kW∙年)–1) | 34.2 | 20.5 | ||
| 风电站的设备投资成本X3/(元∙kW–1) | 5140 | 3341 | ||
| 风电站的设备运维成本O3/(元∙(kW∙年)–1) | 143.9 | 93.5 | ||
| 电化学储能的设备投资成本X4/(元∙(kW∙h)–1) | 2500 | 1500 | ||
| 电化学储能的设备运维成本O4/(元∙(kW∙年)–1) | 62.5 | 37.5 | ||
| 电解槽的效率 FL | 0.7 | |||
| 电化学储能机组的效率 FS | 0.9 | |||
| 电化学储能充电时间 hS/h | 4 | |||
| 折现率 r/% | 8 | |||
表 1 模型关键参数取值
Table 1 Values for key parameters
| 参数 | 当前 | 2030年 | ||
| 电解槽的设备投资成本X1/(元∙kW–1) | 1500 | 1000 | ||
| 电解槽的设备运维成本O1/(元∙(kW∙年)–1) | 70.5 | 47 | ||
| 光伏电站的设备投资成本X2/(元∙kW–1) | 3420 | 2050 | ||
| 光伏电站的设备运维成本O2/(元∙(kW∙年)–1) | 34.2 | 20.5 | ||
| 风电站的设备投资成本X3/(元∙kW–1) | 5140 | 3341 | ||
| 风电站的设备运维成本O3/(元∙(kW∙年)–1) | 143.9 | 93.5 | ||
| 电化学储能的设备投资成本X4/(元∙(kW∙h)–1) | 2500 | 1500 | ||
| 电化学储能的设备运维成本O4/(元∙(kW∙年)–1) | 62.5 | 37.5 | ||
| 电解槽的效率 FL | 0.7 | |||
| 电化学储能机组的效率 FS | 0.9 | |||
| 电化学储能充电时间 hS/h | 4 | |||
| 折现率 r/% | 8 | |||
图 1 氢气平准化成本随发电机组与电解槽容量比的变化
Fig.1 The variation of LCOH with PV-to-electrolyser ratio
图 2 氢气平准化成本随储能机组与电解槽容量比的变化
Fig.2 The variation of LCOH with storage-to-electrolyser ratio
图 3 氢气平准化成本随电价的变化
Fig.3 The variation of LCOH with electricity price
图 4 西北部某地区典型周风电、光伏出力
Fig.4 The per-unit output for wind and PV power stations in northwestern area in China
图 5 西北部某地区典型周内绿氢项目关键设备出力
Fig.5 The production simulation results in a typical week for a green hydrogen project in northwestern China
图 6 2030年西北部某地区典型周内绿氢项目关键设备出力
Fig.6 The production simulation results in a typical week for a green hydrogen project in northwestern China in 2030
图 7 东南部某地区典型周风电、光伏出力
Fig.7 The per-unit output for wind and PV power stations in southeastern in China
图 8 东南部某地区典型周内绿氢项目关键设备出力
Fig.8 The production simulation results in a typical week for a green hydrogen project in southeastern in China
图 9 2030年东南部某地区典型周内绿氢项目关键设备出力
Fig.9 The production simulation results in a typical week for a green hydrogen project in southeastern China in 2030
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