光伏电站自备用可调的虚拟同步控制调频策略

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202305054

中国电力 ›› 2024, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (11): 108-118.DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202305054

光伏电站自备用可调的虚拟同步控制调频策略

张江丰¹(), 柯松²(), 陈文进³, 王天宇¹, 郑可轲¹, 杨军²

1. 国网浙江省电力有限公司电力科学研究院，浙江杭州　310000
2. 武汉大学电气与自动化学院，湖北武汉　430072
3. 国网浙江省电力有限公司电力调度控制中心，浙江杭州　310000

收稿日期:2023-05-12 出版日期:2024-11-28 发布日期:2024-11-27
作者简介:张江丰（1988—），男，硕士，高级工程师，从事电力系统网源协调控制技术研究，E-mail：zhangjiangfeng0725@163.com
柯松（1996—），男，通信作者，博士研究生，从事新能源与虚拟同步发电机控制技术、电动汽车与电网互动研究，E-mail：kesong1997@whu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国网浙江省电力有限公司科技项目（分布式储能网络化协同调频技术研究，5211DS22000Q）。

Virtual Synchronous Control Frequency Regulation Strategy for Adjustable Self-standby Rate in Photovoltaic Plants

Jiangfeng ZHANG¹(), Song KE²(), Wenjin CHEN³, Tianyu WANG¹, Keke ZHENG¹, Jun YANG²

1. State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Research Institute, Hangzhou 310000, China
2. School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
3. Power Dispatch Control Center of State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310000, China

Received:2023-05-12 Online:2024-11-28 Published:2024-11-27
Supported by:
This work is supported by Science and Technology Project of State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd. (Research on Distributed Energy Storage Networked Coordinated Frequency Regulation Technology, No.5211DS22000Q).

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用自备用控制的光伏电站能够为电网提供调频能力，但现有的自备用控制难以评估最大功率，调频经济性需要量化，且无法提供虚拟惯量，光伏电站调频效果有待提高。针对此问题，提出光伏电站自备用可调的虚拟同步调频控制策略。首先，基于光伏运行P-V特性，提出光伏最大功率估算策略以及变步长电压控制策略，实现光伏自备用控制；其次，基于虚拟同步控制策略和光伏电站架构，引入频率反馈控制环，提出光伏自备用可调的虚拟同步控制策略，光伏电站在提供频率响应功率的同时，以虚拟惯量的形式支撑电网的频率稳定。此外，并联在光伏直流侧的储能，可以保证在光伏自备用率动态调整过程中直流侧母线电压的稳定。进一步分析了最大功率估算算法误差对虚拟同步调频控制策略的影响，以及虚拟同步控制参数变化对调频效果的影响。最后，通过Simulink仿真验证了所提控制策略的有效性，为光伏并网调控提供理论支撑。

关键词: 光伏电站, 最大功率估算, 自备用, 虚拟同步控制, 调频

Abstract:

The photovoltaic plants controlled by self-standby can provide frequency regulation capability for the power grid. But the existing self-standby control is difficult to evaluate the maximum power and and the economy is required to be quantified. Additionally, it can not provide virtual inertia. The effect of frequency regulation response of photovoltaic plants needs to be improved. To address this problem, this paper proposes a virtual synchronous FR control strategy for PV power plants with adjustable self-standby. Firstly, based on the P-V operation characteristics of PV, a PV maximum power estimation strategy is proposed, as well as a variable step voltage control strategy to achieve PV self-standby control. Second, based on the virtual synchronous generator control strategy and the photovoltaic plant architecture, the frequency feedback control loop is introduced. And the photovoltaic self-standby adjustable control strategy is proposed, supporting the frequency stability of the power grid in the form of virtual inertia. In addition, energy storages connected in parallel on the DC side of the photovoltaic ensure the stability of the DC bus voltage during the dynamic adjustment of the photovoltaic operating point with the self-backup rate. The influence of the error of the maximum power estimation algorithm on the virtual synchronous frequency control strategy is further analyzed. And the influence of the change of virtual synchronous control parameters on the frequency modulation effect is discussed. Finally, Simulink simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy and provide theoretical support for the grid-connected regulation of PV.

Key words: photovoltaic power plants, maximum power estimation, self-standby, virtual synchronous control, frequency regulation

张江丰, 柯松, 陈文进, 王天宇, 郑可轲, 杨军. 光伏电站自备用可调的虚拟同步控制调频策略[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(11): 108-118.

Jiangfeng ZHANG, Song KE, Wenjin CHEN, Tianyu WANG, Keke ZHENG, Jun YANG. Virtual Synchronous Control Frequency Regulation Strategy for Adjustable Self-standby Rate in Photovoltaic Plants[J]. Electric Power, 2024, 57(11): 108-118.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202305054

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2024/V57/I11/108

图/表 19

图 1 光伏阵列典型I-U和P-U曲线

Fig.1 Typical I-U and P-U curves for PV arrays

图 2 变步长扰动观测法控制流程

Fig.2 Control flow for variable step perturbation observation method

图 3 自备用电压控制策略的控制流程

Fig.3 Control flow for self-standby voltage control strategy

图 4 基于储能协同的光伏电站结构

Fig.4 PV plant structure with energy storage coordination

图 5 电化学储能控制策略

Fig.5 Control strategy of electrochemical energy storage

图 6 VSG各环节模拟的控制策略

Fig.6 VSG control strategy for each link simulation

图 7 光伏自备用可调的调频策略

Fig.7 Photovoltaic adjustable self-backup frequency regulation strategy

图 8 VSG控制与光伏自备用控制的关系

Fig.8 Relationship between VSG control and Photovoltaic adjustable self-backup control strategy

表 1 光伏电站拓扑及控制参数取值

Table 1 Structure and control parameters of PV station

参数名		取值
光伏阵列电感L_PV/H		0.005
光伏阵列电容C_PV/F		0.01
直流侧电容C_dc/F		0.015
滤波电阻R_f/Ω		0.3
滤波电感L_f/H		0.0008
滤波电容C_f/F		0.0001
虚拟惯量J		1
虚拟阻尼D		20
无功-电压下垂系数k_v		500
励磁调节系数k_q		0.5
VSG额定电压U_n/V		311
直流母线电压U_dc/V		740
光照强度I_r/(W·m^–2)		1000
VSG有功功率指令P_vsg/kW		100
VSG无功功率指令/(kV·A)		25
等效下垂自备用系数k_r		1

图 9 场景1中光伏自备用率及指令

Fig.9 Photovoltaic standby rate and its demands in case 1

图 10 场景1中光伏输出功率及估算最大功率

Fig.10 Photovoltaic output power and estimated maximum power in case 1

图 11 场景2中孤岛微网频率

Fig.11 Frequency of islanded microgrid in case 2

图 12 场景2中光伏自备用率及指令

Fig.12 Photovoltaic standby rate and its demands in case 2

图 13 场景2中光伏输出功率及估算最大功率

Fig.13 Photovoltaic output power and estimated maximum power in case 2

图 14 场景2中光伏电站直流侧状态

Fig.14 DC side of PV station in case 2

图 15 场景2中光储VSG输出功率及指令

Fig.15 Photovoltaic energy storage VSG output power and its demand in case 2

图 16 场景2中J和D变化时光伏自备用率指令

Fig.16 Photovoltaic standby rate demands in case 2 when J and D change

图 17 场景2中J和D变化时光伏输出功率

Fig.17 Photovoltaic output power in case 2 when J and D change

图 18 场景2中J和D变化时孤岛微网频率

Fig.18 Frequency of islanded microgrid in case 2 when J and D change

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[15]	齐彩娟, 车彬, 杨燕, 陈宝生. 考虑新能源消纳与储能参与调频的共享储能主从博弈鲁棒定价方法[J]. 中国电力, 2023, 56(8): 26-39.

光伏电站自备用可调的虚拟同步控制调频策略

Virtual Synchronous Control Frequency Regulation Strategy for Adjustable Self-standby Rate in Photovoltaic Plants

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光伏电站自备用可调的虚拟同步控制调频策略

Virtual Synchronous Control Frequency Regulation Strategy for Adjustable Self-standby Rate in Photovoltaic Plants

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摘要/Abstract

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