电力电子化电力系统的调频挑战与多层级协调控制框架

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.201903121

中国电力 ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (4): 8-17,110.DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.201903121

• 可再生能源与新一代电力系统专栏 • 上一篇下一篇

电力电子化电力系统的调频挑战与多层级协调控制框架

鲁宗相¹, 叶一达¹, 郭莉^2,3, 谢珍建^2,3, 刘国静^2,3, 乔颖¹

1. 清华大学电机工程与应用电子技术系, 北京 100084;
2. 国网江苏电力设计咨询有限公司, 江苏南京 210008;
3. 国网江苏省电力公司经济技术研究院, 江苏南京 210008

收稿日期:2019-03-29 出版日期:2019-04-05 发布日期:2019-04-16
作者简介:鲁宗相(1974-),男,副教授,博士生导师,IET Fellow,从事风电/太阳能发电并网分析与控制、能源与电力宏观规划、电力系统可靠性、分布式电源及微电网等方面的研究和教学工作,E-mail:luzongxiang98@tsinghua.edu.cn;叶一达(1992-),男,博士研究生,从事新能源发电并网研究,E-mail:yeahelec@126.com;乔颖(1982-),女,博士,副教授,从事新能源规划与消纳研究,E-mail:qiaoying@tsinghua.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目（U1766201）；国网江苏电力咨询有限公司科技项目（储能建模及安全稳定研究）。

Frequency Regulation Challenge of Power Electronics Dominated Power Systems and Its New Multi-level Coordinated Control Framework

LU Zongxiang¹, YE Yida¹, GUO Li^2,3, XIE Zhenjian^2,3, LIU Guojing^2,3, QIAO Ying¹

1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
2. State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Design Company, Nanjing 210008, China;
3. Economy and Technology Institute, State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co., Nanjing 210008, China

Received:2019-03-29 Online:2019-04-05 Published:2019-04-16
Supported by:
This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.U1766201), Science and Technology Project of State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Design Company (Study on Storage Modeling and Security in Jiangsu Power Grid).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 电力电子接口装备在源、网、荷的深度应用推进了电力系统的电力电子化进程。净负荷波动增加、同步惯性减小、有功平衡能力削弱，对系统频率稳定的冲击初现端倪。电力电子接口电源的输出功率不响应系统频率变化、输入能量不可控、控制器高度异构，难以纳入传统交流同步系统的有功频率调整框架，而未来的电力系统需要在越来越少同步发电机容量背景下维持有功平衡，问题更加凸显。从电压源型换流器可定制性出发，提出了电力电子化下对电力系统有功频率多层级协调控制的新框架：在接口层面，重建输出功率与系统频率的耦合关系，虚拟同步机的惯性响应与一次调频特性；在单机层面，协调电力电子电源内部储能元件释能和输入能量来提供调频能量，优化虚拟参数实现机网协调，降低频率二次跌落风险；在多机层面，统筹改善频率动态特性的装置和长期频率恢复装置的配合；在系统层面，借助柔性直流输电换流站的下垂策略，重建直流互联的多同步系统间跨区频率支援。

关键词: 电力电子化, 可定制性, 调频, 虚拟同步, 有功平衡

Abstract: The widely-used converters in the source, grid, and demand sides have advanced the electronics domination process of power systems. With the increasing of net load, and the decreasing of synchronous inertia and power balance capability, the risk of frequency stability has emerged. One the one hand, future power system must keep power balance with less synchronous generation capacity; on the other hand, due to absence of output responding to system frequency, and input uncontrollability, and also due to the heterogeneous controllers, converters could hardly be adapted for frequency regulation framework of the traditional synchronous system. Based on designing the voltage resource converter (VSG), the paper proposes a novel multi-level coordinated control framework of power electronics dominated power systems. In the converter level, the coupling relationship of output power and system frequency is rebuilt by simulating the inertial response and primary frequency control. In the equipment level, virtual parameters are grid-friendly optimized to coordinate the energy from internal storage and from input in order to reduce the risk of secondary frequency drip. In the multiple-converters level, devices are cooperated that improves the frequency dynamics and that provide frequency restoration. In the system level, the inter-area frequency regulation is supported again across DC-line-isolated synchronous systems on the basis of droop control of VSC-HVDC stations.

Key words: power electronics domination, designability, frequency regulation, virtual synchronous, power balance

中图分类号:

TM761

鲁宗相, 叶一达, 郭莉, 谢珍建, 刘国静, 乔颖. 电力电子化电力系统的调频挑战与多层级协调控制框架[J]. 中国电力, 2019, 52(4): 8-17,110.

LU Zongxiang, YE Yida, GUO Li, XIE Zhenjian, LIU Guojing, QIAO Ying. Frequency Regulation Challenge of Power Electronics Dominated Power Systems and Its New Multi-level Coordinated Control Framework[J]. Electric Power, 2019, 52(4): 8-17,110.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.201903121

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2019/V52/I4/8

参考文献 39

[1]	赵争鸣, 袁立强, 鲁挺, 等. 我国大容量电力电子技术与应用发展综述[J]. 电气工程学报, 2015, 10(4):26-34 ZHAO Zhengming, YUAN Liqiang, LU Ting, et al. Overview of the developments on high power electronic technologies and applications in China[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2015, 10(4):26-34
[2]	REN21. Renewables 2018 global status report[R]. 2018.
[3]	中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所. 2050高比例可再生能源发展情景暨途径研究[R]. 北京:中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所, 2015.
[4]	CHAKRABORTY A. Advancements in power electronics and drives in interface with growing renewable energy resources[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2011, 15(4):1816-1827.
[5]	BLAABJERG F, MA K. Future on power electronics for wind turbine systems[J]. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2013, 1(3):139-152.
[6]	IGLESIAS R L, ARANTEGUI R L, ALONSO M A. Power electronics evolution in wind turbines-A market-based analysis[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2011, 15(9):4982-4993.
[7]	PIERRI E, BINDER O, HEMDAN N G A, et al. Challenges and opportunities for a European HVDC grid[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2017, 70:427-456.
[8]	李明节. 大规模特高压交直流混联电网特性分析与运行控制[J]. 电网技术, 2016, 40(4):985-991 LI Mingjie. Characteristic Analysis and Operational Control of large-scale hybrid UHV AC/DC Power grids[J]. Power System Technology, 2016, 40(4):985-991
[9]	中国电力企业联合会. 中国电力行业年度发展报告2018[M]. 北京:中国市场出版社, 2018.
[10]	陈国平, 李明节, 许涛, 等. 关于新能源发展的技术瓶颈研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2017, 37(1):20-27 CHEN Guoping, LI Mingjie, XU Tao, et al. Study on Technical bottleneck of new energy development[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2017, 37(1):20-27
[11]	GONZALEZ-LONGATT F. Frequency control and inertial response schemes for the future power networks[C]//Large Scale Renewable Power Generation. Springer, Singapore, 2014:193-231.
[12]	李兆伟, 吴雪莲, 庄侃沁, 等. "9·19"锦苏直流双极闭锁事故华东电网频率特性分析及思考[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2017, 41(7):149-155 LI Zhaowei, WU Xuelian, ZHUANG Kanxin, et al. Analysis and reflection on frequency characteristics of east China grid after bipolar locking of "9·19" Jinping-Sunan DC transmission line[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2017, 41(7):149-155
[13]	付俊波, 黄伟, 何俊峰. 云南电网异步联网后的运行频率分析[J]. 云南电力技术, 2016(1):14-17 FU Junbo, HUANG Wei, HE Junfeng. Analysis on operation frequency and solutions in Yunnan asynchronous Interconnection[J]. Yunnan Electric Power, 2016(1):14-17
[14]	陈国平, 李明节, 许涛, 等. 我国电网支撑可再生能源发展的实践与挑战[J]. 电网技术, 2017, 41(10):3095-3103 CHEN Guoping, LI Mingjie, XU Tao, et al. Practice and challenge of renewable energy development based on interconnected power grids[J]. Power System Technology, 2017, 41(10):3095-3103
[15]	TIELENS P, VAN HERTEM D. The relevance of inertia in power systems[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016, 55:999-1009.
[16]	LEE J, MULJADI E, SRENSEN P, et al. Releasable kinetic energy-based inertial control of a DFIG wind power plant[J]. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2016, 7(1):279-288.
[17]	WANG Y, DELILLE G, BAYEM H, et al. High wind power penetration in isolated power systems-Assessment of wind inertial and primary frequency responses[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2013, 28(3):2412-2420.
[18]	TAN Y, MEEGAHAPOLA L, MUTTAQI K M. A suboptimal power-point-tracking-based primary frequency response strategy for DFIGs in hybrid remote area power supply systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 2016, 31(1):93-105.
[19]	GEVORGIAN V, ZHANG Y, ELA E. Investigating the impacts of wind generation participation in interconnection frequency response[J]. IEEE transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2015, 6(3):1004-1012.
[20]	MARGARIS I D, PAPATHANASSIOU S A, HATZIARGYRIOU N D, et al. Frequency control in autonomous power systems with high wind power penetration[J]. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2012, 3(2):189-199.
[21]	LI Y, XU Z, ØSTERGAARD J, et al. Coordinated control strategies for offshore wind farm integration via VSC-HVDC for system frequency support[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 2017, 32(3):843-856.
[22]	ANDERSON P M, FOUAD A A. Power system control and stability (second edition)[M]. IEEE Series on Power Engineering, 2003.
[23]	KROPOSKI B, JOHNSON B, ZHANG Y, et al. Achieving a 100% renewable grid:Operating electric power systems with extremely high levels of variable renewable energy[J]. IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, 2017, 15(2):61-73.
[24]	ZHONG Q C, NGUYEN P L, MA Z, et al. Self-synchronized synchronverters:Inverters without a dedicated synchronization unit[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2014, 29(2):617-630.
[25]	徐政. 柔性直流输电系统[M]. 2版. 北京:机械工业出版社, 2016.
[26]	BEVRANI H, ISE T, MIURA Y. Virtual synchronous generators:A survey and new perspectives[J]. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2014, 54:244-254.
[27]	GUAN M, PAN W, ZHANG J, et al. Synchronous generator emulation control strategy for voltage source converter (VSC) stations[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2015, 30(6):3093-3101.
[28]	LIU J, MIURA Y, ISE T. Comparison of dynamic characteristics between virtual synchronous generator and droop control in inverter-based distributed generators[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2016, 31(5):3600-3611.
[29]	VINAYAGAM A, SWARNA K S V, KHOO S Y, et al. PV based microgrid with grid-support grid-forming inverter control-(simulation and analysis)[J]. Smart grid and renewable energy, 2017, 8(1):1-30.
[30]	OCHOA D, MARTINEZ S. Fast-frequency response provided by DFIG-wind turbines and its impact on the grid[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2017, 32(5):4002-4011.
[31]	ZERTEK A, VERBIC G, PANTOS M. A novel strategy for variable-speed wind turbines' participation in primary frequency control[J]. IEEE Transactions on sustainable energy, 2012, 3(4):791-799.
[32]	PARK J Y, LEE J K, OH K Y, et al. Design of simulator for 3MW wind turbine and its condition monitoring system[C]//Proceedings of the International Multi Conference of Engineers and Computer Scientists, IMECS. 2010:930-933.
[33]	TANG C, PATHMANATHAN M, SOONG W L, et al. Effects of inertia on dynamic performance of wind turbines[C]//2008 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference. IEEE, 2008:1-6.
[34]	RAWN B, LEHN P. Wind rotor inertia and variable efficiency:fundamental limits on their exploitation for inertial response and power system damping[C]//European Wind Energy Conference 2008. 2008.
[35]	BOUKHEZZAR B, SIGUERDIDJANE H. Nonlinear control of a variable-speed wind turbine using a two-mass model[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 2011, 26(1):149-162.
[36]	VIDYANANDAN K V, SENROY N. Primary frequency regulation by deloaded wind turbines using variable droop[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2013, 28(2):837-846.
[37]	WU Ziping, GAO Wenzhong, GAO Tianqi, et al. State-of-the-art review on frequency response of wind power plants in power systems[J]. Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, 2018, 6(1):1-16.
[38]	LIU K, QU Y, KIM H M, et al. Avoiding frequency second dip in power unreserved control during wind power rotational speed recovery[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2018, 33(3):3097-3106.
[39]	鲁宗相, 汤海雁, 乔颖, 等. 电力电子接口对电力系统频率控制的影响综述[J]. 中国电力, 2018, 51(1):51-58 LU Zongxiang, TANG Haiyan, QIAO Ying, et al. The impact of power electronics interfaces on power system frequency control:A review[J]. Electric Power, 2018, 51(1):51-58

电力电子化电力系统的调频挑战与多层级协调控制框架

Frequency Regulation Challenge of Power Electronics Dominated Power Systems and Its New Multi-level Coordinated Control Framework

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献 39

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

[1]	张磊, 马晓伟, 王满亮, 陈力, 高丙团. 互联新能源电力系统区内AGC机组分布式协同控制策略[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(3): 8-19.
[2]	许常昊, 关伟东, 王越, 张金帅, 王鹏, 周宁, 尚博文. 全功率小型变速抽水蓄能机组双层MPC虚拟惯量控制策略[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(2): 216-226.
[3]	田刚领, 武鸿鑫, 李娟, 张柳丽, 谢佳, 李爱魁. 风电场多功能储能电站功率分配策略[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(9): 247-256.
[4]	王雪, 刘林, 刘文迪, 翟延鹏, 杨苓, 许方园, 高岩, 张纪欣. 基于纵横交叉算法的新型电力系统惯量延迟优化控制策略[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(7): 12-20.
[5]	李鲁阳, 陈龙翔, 陈磊, 孙大卫, 吴林林, 闵勇. 用于新能源一次调频的储能经济配置研究[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(7): 54-65.
[6]	朱沐雨, 马宏忠, 郭鹏宇, 宣文婧. 典型调峰/调频工况下储能电池组荷电状态估计[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(6): 18-26.
[7]	马宏忠, 宣文婧, 朱沐雨, 陈悦林. 基于LWOA-LSTM的大容量锂电池SOC估计[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(6): 37-44.
[8]	朱子民, 张锦芳, 常清, 周专, 张晓林. 大规模新能源接入弱同步支撑柔直系统的送端自适应VSG控制策略[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(5): 211-221.
[9]	武群丽, 朱新宇. 可再生能源配额制下风光储联合参与现货市场的交易决策[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(4): 77-88.
[10]	王益斌, 陈飞雄, 邵振国, 张抒凌, 张伟骏, 李智诚. 基于权重系数校正的火储两阶段联合调频方法[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(3): 83-94.
[11]	夏向阳, 蒋戴宇, 曾小勇, 龚芬, 吴小忠, 华夏, 罗彦鹏, 石超. 基于虚拟振荡器控制的储能变流器控制策略研究[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(11): 70-77.
[12]	张江丰, 柯松, 陈文进, 王天宇, 郑可轲, 杨军. 光伏电站自备用可调的虚拟同步控制调频策略[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(11): 108-118.
[13]	胡英杰, 李强, 李群. 考虑容量限制的构网型光储系统惯量与一次调频参数优化配置方法[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(10): 115-122.
[14]	张颖, 文艳, 季宇, 左娟, 王文博. 基于目标级联法的虚拟电厂日前调频容量计算方法[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(1): 82-90.
[15]	薛飞, 李宏强, 田蓓, 马鑫. 储能辅助的孤岛微网自适应事件触发二次调频策略[J]. 中国电力, 2023, 56(9): 196-205.

模态框（Modal）标题

电力电子化电力系统的调频挑战与多层级协调控制框架

Frequency Regulation Challenge of Power Electronics Dominated Power Systems and Its New Multi-level Coordinated Control Framework

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献 39

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics