考虑SOC约束和有功调频系数的构网型储能一次调频方法

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202512032

中国电力 ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (5): 164-175.DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202512032

考虑SOC约束和有功调频系数的构网型储能一次调频方法

李永斌¹(), 格桑晋美¹(), 吴杰¹(), 朱玲²(), 徐广²()

1. 国网西藏电力有限公司，西藏拉萨　850000
2. 国电南瑞南京控制系统有限公司，江苏南京　211106

收稿日期:2025-12-15 修回日期:2026-04-14 发布日期:2026-05-15 出版日期:2026-05-28
作者简介:
李永斌（1978），男，硕士，高级工程师，从事电网运行与控制研究，E-mail：13997236017@163.com
格桑晋美（1985），男，高级工程师，从事电网运行与电网规划，E-mail：15089090606@163.com
吴杰（1988），男，硕士，高级工程师，从事电力系统稳定与控制研究，E-mail：15175333309@163.com
朱玲，（1986），女，硕士，高级工程师，从事高比例新能源电力系统安全稳定分析及控制，E-mial：zhuling@sgepri.sgcc.com.cn
徐广，（1994），男，硕士，高级工程师，从事高比例新能源电力系统安全稳定分析及控制，E-mail：xuguang@sgepri.sgcc.com.cn
基金资助:
智能电网国家科技重大专项（2025ZD0805000）；国网西藏电力有限公司科技项目（52313924000H）。

A grid-forming energy storage primary frequency regulation method considering SOC constraints and active frequency modulation coefficients

LI Yongbin¹(), GESANG Jinmei¹(), WU Jie¹(), ZHU Ling²(), XU Guang²()

1. State Grid Xizang Electric Power Co., Ltd., Lhasa 850000, China
2. NARI Nanjing Control System Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211106, China

Received:2025-12-15 Revised:2026-04-14 Online:2026-05-15 Published:2026-05-28
Supported by:
This work is supported by Smart Grid-National Science and Technology Major Project (No.2025ZD0805000), Science and Technology Project of State Grid Xizang Electric Power Co., Ltd. (No.52313924000H).

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着电力系统惯量下降导致扰动后系统频率问题加剧，配置构网型储能逐渐成为一次调频的重要手段。若构网型储能参数设置不当反而可能加剧系统暂态稳定风险，且现有研究普遍忽略储能自身荷电状态（state of charge，SOC）约束。为此，提出一种考虑SOC约束和有功调频系数的构网型储能一次调频方法。首先，建立构网型储能与同步发电机协同参与一次调频的详细数学模型，推导系统频率响应传递函数；其次，基于轨迹灵敏度分析，识别出影响暂态频率稳定的关键主导参数并构建以最小化系统最大频率偏差为目标，计及储能SOC安全运行区间、出力限制及系统频率变化率（rate of change of frequency，RoCoF）约束的参数优化模型，采用序列二次规划算法进行求解；最后，通过仿真算例验证，结果表明所提方法在满足SOC与RoCoF约束条件下，使系统最大频率偏差降低43.3%，频率最低点显著抬升，有效提升了系统暂态频率稳定性能。

关键词: 构网型储能, 一次调频, SOC约束

Abstract:

With the decline of system inertia in modern power systems, frequency issues following disturbances have become increasingly severe, and the deployment of grid-forming energy storage has gradually emerged as an important means for primary frequency regulation. However, improper parameter settings of grid-forming energy storage may aggravate transient stability risks, and existing studies generally neglect the state of charge (SOC) constraints of the storage system itself. To address this issue, this paper proposes a primary frequency regulation method for grid-forming energy storage considering SOC constraints and active frequency modulation coefficients.First, a detailed mathematical model is established to describe the coordinated participation of grid-forming energy storage and synchronous generators in primary frequency regulation, and the system frequency response transfer function is derived. Second, based on trajectory sensitivity analysis, the key dominant parameters affecting transient frequency stability are identified, and a parameter optimization model is constructed with the objective of minimizing the maximum system frequency deviation. The model incorporates constraints on the SOC safe operating range, output limits, and the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF), and is solved using the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) algorithm. Finally, simulation results demonstrate that, under SOC and RoCoF constraints, the proposed method reduces the maximum frequency deviation by 43.3% and significantly raises the frequency nadir, thereby effectively enhancing the transient frequency stability of the power system.

Key words: grid-forming energy storage, primary frequency regulation, SOC constraint

李永斌, 格桑晋美, 吴杰, 朱玲, 徐广. 考虑SOC约束和有功调频系数的构网型储能一次调频方法[J]. 中国电力, 2026, 59(5): 164-175.

LI Yongbin, GESANG Jinmei, WU Jie, ZHU Ling, XU Guang. A grid-forming energy storage primary frequency regulation method considering SOC constraints and active frequency modulation coefficients[J]. Electric Power, 2026, 59(5): 164-175.

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图/表 14

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$ {K}_{\text{f}} $	局部绝对灵敏度	线性化等效绝对灵敏度	相对误差/%
14	0.3636	0.3459	4.86
18	0.3559	0.3459	2.82
22	0.3546	0.3459	2.46
26	0.3463	0.3459	0.11
30	0.3394	0.3459	1.92
34	0.3333	0.3459	3.77
38	0.3297	0.3459	4.93

$ {K}_{\text{f}} $	局部绝对灵敏度	线性化等效绝对灵敏度	相对误差/%
14	0.3636	0.3459	4.86
18	0.3559	0.3459	2.82
22	0.3546	0.3459	2.46
26	0.3463	0.3459	0.11
30	0.3394	0.3459	1.92
34	0.3333	0.3459	3.77
38	0.3297	0.3459	4.93

符号	含义	数值
$ {S}_{ \text{B}} $/(MV·A)	系统基准容量	100
H/s	系统等值惯性常数	4
D/(p.u.)	系统等值阻尼系数	1
$ {K}_{\text{G}} $	同步发电机调频系数	20
$ {T}_{\text{G}} $/s	同步发电机时间常数	0.2
R/(p.u.)	同步发电机调差系数	0.05
$ {T}_{\text{J}} $/s	构网型储能虚拟惯性时间常数	0.5
$ {D}_{\text{P}} $	构网型储能虚拟阻尼系数	20
$ {K}_{\text{v}} $	构网型储能虚拟惯性系数	2
$ {S}_{ \text{SOC,}}{}_{\text{0}} $/%	初始荷电状态	60
$ {S}_{ \text{SOC,}{\min }} $/%	SOC下限	20
$ {S}_{ \text{SOC,}{\max }} $/%	SOC上限	90
$ {\gamma }_{\max } $/(Hz·s^–1)	暂态频率变化率RoCoF上限	1

符号	含义	数值
$ {S}_{ \text{B}} $/(MV·A)	系统基准容量	100
H/s	系统等值惯性常数	4
D/(p.u.)	系统等值阻尼系数	1
$ {K}_{\text{G}} $	同步发电机调频系数	20
$ {T}_{\text{G}} $/s	同步发电机时间常数	0.2
R/(p.u.)	同步发电机调差系数	0.05
$ {T}_{\text{J}} $/s	构网型储能虚拟惯性时间常数	0.5
$ {D}_{\text{P}} $	构网型储能虚拟阻尼系数	20
$ {K}_{\text{v}} $	构网型储能虚拟惯性系数	2
$ {S}_{ \text{SOC,}}{}_{\text{0}} $/%	初始荷电状态	60
$ {S}_{ \text{SOC,}{\min }} $/%	SOC下限	20
$ {S}_{ \text{SOC,}{\max }} $/%	SOC上限	90
$ {\gamma }_{\max } $/(Hz·s^–1)	暂态频率变化率RoCoF上限	1

方法	频率最低点$ {f}_{\text{nadir}} $/ Hz	最大频率偏差$ \Delta {f}_{\max } $/ Hz	最大频率变化率$ \max \dfrac{\text{d}f}{\text{d}t} $/ (Hz·s^–1)	稳态频率偏差$ \Delta {f}_{\text{ss}} $/ Hz
无储能	49.476	0.524	0.395	0.20
常规构网型储能	49.598	0.402	0.750	0.16
本文	49.703	0.297	0.600	0.14

考虑SOC约束和有功调频系数的构网型储能一次调频方法

A grid-forming energy storage primary frequency regulation method considering SOC constraints and active frequency modulation coefficients

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图/表 14

参考文献 30

相关文章 15

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Metrics

方法	最大输出功率/(p.u.)	达到峰值时间/s	总输出能量/(p.u.·s^–1)	稳态输出功率/(p.u.)
常规构网型储能	0.132	1.9	0.441	0.064
本文	0.191	1.8	0.575	0.078

方法	初始SOC/ %	最终SOC/ %	总消耗 SOC/%	最大放电速率/(%·s^–1)
常规构网型储能	60	54.39	5.61	0.73
本文	60	51.75	8.25	1.06

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模态框（Modal）标题

考虑SOC约束和有功调频系数的构网型储能一次调频方法

A grid-forming energy storage primary frequency regulation method considering SOC constraints and active frequency modulation coefficients

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