考虑荷电与储氢状态的风光氢储系统动态控制仿真模型

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202402052

中国电力 ›› 2024, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (7): 109-124.DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202402052

• 新型电力系统储能规划与运行关键技术 • 上一篇下一篇

考虑荷电与储氢状态的风光氢储系统动态控制仿真模型

邵冲¹(), 胡荣义²(), 余姣¹(), 王明典²()

1. 国网甘肃省电力公司，甘肃兰州　730000
2. 国网甘肃省电力公司张掖供电公司，甘肃张掖　734000

收稿日期:2024-02-21 接受日期:2024-06-29 出版日期:2024-07-28 发布日期:2024-07-23
作者简介:邵冲（1984—），男，博士，高级工程师，从事电力系统分析、电网运行技术研究，E-mail：shaoch_dkzx@gs.sgcc.com.cn
胡荣义（1982—），男，硕士，高级工程师，从事电网运行、经营管理，E-mail：hury@gs.sgcc.com.cn
余姣（1987—），女，高级工程师，从事电网运行、策略分析、涉网试验，E-mail：165257348@qq.com
王明典（1994—），男，通信作者，工程师，从事电网调度运行、电力系统仿真建模研究，E-mail：1689962722@qq.com
基金资助:
国网甘肃省电力公司管理科技项目（522707230006）；甘肃省科技重大专项计划（22ZD11GA312）。

Dynamic Modeling and Control Strategy for Hybrid Energy Storage System Considering State of Charge and Storage State of Hydrogen

Chong SHAO¹(), Rongyi HU²(), Jiao YU¹(), Mingdian WANG²()

1. State Grid Gansu Electric Power Company, Lanzhou 730000, China
2. State Grid Gansu Electric Power Company Zhangye Power Supply Company, Zhangye 734000, China

Received:2024-02-21 Accepted:2024-06-29 Online:2024-07-28 Published:2024-07-23
Supported by:
This work is supported by Science & Technology Project of State Grid Gansu Electric Power Company (No.522707230006) and Science & Technology Major Special Program of Gansu Province (No.22ZD11GA312).

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

储能是平抑可再生能源波动的重要手段之一。考虑内部气体跨膜传输现象，基于质子交换膜电解槽的组件结构以及电化学和热平衡原理，构建了可描述质子交换膜电解槽物质传输以及能量转换的精细化仿真模型。在此基础上，建立了包含电化学储能、氢储能的电-氢耦合系统模型。提出了一种考虑电化学储能荷电状态与氢储能氢状态的双层协调控制策略。上层功率分配考虑了系统内电负荷和氢负荷需求变化，将电化学储能荷电状态、储氢罐氢状态作为重要约束因素，确定系统各设备的工作模式。底层控制根据设备的工作特性，采用PQ控制、VQ控制等方法实现功率追踪调整。通过多种不同运行场景的算例仿真验证了所提模型与控制方法的有效性。研究成果可为风光氢储系统控制策略优化提供支撑。

关键词: 可再生能源, 氢储能, 电化学储能, 荷电状态, 储氢状态, 协调控制

Abstract:

Energy storage is one of the important methods for mitigating the fluctuation of renewable energy. A refined simulation model is presented that can describe the material transport and energy conversion in a proton exchange membrane electrolyser (PEM). The model is constructed based on the component structure of the PEM, as well as the principles of electrochemistry and thermal equilibrium, taking into account the phenomenon of internal gas transport across the membrane. Based on this model, an electricity-hydrogen coupling system including electrochemical energy storage and hydrogen energy storage is established. A two-layer coordinated control strategy considering the charge state of electrochemical energy storage and the hydrogen state of hydrogen energy storage is proposed. The upper-layer power allocation considers the changes in electric and hydrogen load demands in the system, and uses the battery state of charge and hydrogen storage tank state of hydrogen as important constraints to determine the operating modes for each device in the system. The bottom layer control achieves power tracking adjustment by utilizing PQ control, VQ control, and other methods according to equipment operating characteristics. The effectiveness of this proposed model and control method is verified through simulations under several different operation scenarios. The research results can provide support for the optimization of control strategies for wind-photovoltaic-hydrogen storage systems.

Key words: renewable energy, hydrogen energy storage, electrochemical energy storage, state of charge, storage state of hydrogen, coordinated control

邵冲, 胡荣义, 余姣, 王明典. 考虑荷电与储氢状态的风光氢储系统动态控制仿真模型[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(7): 109-124.

Chong SHAO, Rongyi HU, Jiao YU, Mingdian WANG. Dynamic Modeling and Control Strategy for Hybrid Energy Storage System Considering State of Charge and Storage State of Hydrogen[J]. Electric Power, 2024, 57(7): 109-124.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202402052

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2024/V57/I7/109

图/表 24

图 1 风光氢储系统拓扑结构

Fig.1 Wind-photovoltaic-hydrogen-storage system topology

图 2 电化学储能单元仿真模型

Fig.2 Electrochemical energy storage unit model

图 3 质子交换膜电解槽模型

Fig.3 Model of proton exchange membrane electrolyser

图 4 质子交换膜电解槽动态仿真模型

Fig.4 Dynamic simulation model of proton exchange membrane electrolyser

图 5 储氢罐动态仿真模型

Fig.5 Dynamic simulation model of hydrogen storage tank

图 6 电化学储能单元控制结构

Fig.6 Electrochemical energy storage unit control structure

图 7 电解槽功率控制结构

Fig.7 Electrolyser power control structure

图 8 质子交换膜电解槽网侧控制结构

Fig.8 Grid-side control structure of proton exchange membrane electrolyser

图 9 上层功率控制

Fig.9 Upper layer power control flow

图 10 电化学储能单元功率及荷电状态变化曲线

Fig.10 Power and state of charge variation curves of electrochemical energy storage unit

表 1 质子交换膜电解槽参数

Table 1 Parameters of PEM

$A/$ ${\text{c}}{{\text{m}}^{\text{2}}}$		${j_{{\text{0,an}}}}/$ $({\text{A}} \cdot {\text{c}}{{\text{m}}^{{{ - 2}}}})$		${j_{{\text{0,cat}}}}/$ $({\text{A}} \cdot {\text{c}}{{\text{m}}^{{{ - 2}}}})$		$N$		${\alpha _{{\text{an}}}}$		${n_{\text{d}}}$		${\alpha _{{\text{cat}}}}$		$\lambda $
${\text{160}}$		$1 \times {10^{ - 4}}$		$0.013$		$1$		$0.98$		$7$		$0.6$		$15$

图 11 电解槽不同工况下的极化曲线

Fig.11 Polarization curves for different operating conditions of electrolyser

图 12 电解槽运行温度曲线比较

Fig.12 Comparison of electrolyser operating temperature profiles

表 2 电化学储能单元参数

Table 2 Parameters of electrochemical energy storage units

荷电状态下限$ {S_{ {\text{SOC}}\min }}/\text% $		荷电状态上限$ {S_{ {\text{SOC}}\max }}/\text% $
20		80

表 3 储氢罐参数

Table 3 Parameters of hydrogen storage tank

储氢罐体积$ {V_{\text{s}}}/{{\text{m}}^3} $		储氢罐温度$ {T_{\text{s}}}/{\text{K}} $		储氢状态下限$ {S_{ {\text{SOH}}\min }}/\text% $		储氢状态上限$ {S_{ {\text{SOH}}\max }}/\text% $
1		303.15		20		80

表 4 常规运行场景中系统负荷设置

Table 4 System load settings in regular operation scenarios

时间/s	电负荷/kW	氢负荷/(mol·s^–1)
[0, 20)	650	0.4
[20, 40)	1000	0.4
[40, 50)	1080	0.6
[50, 60)	1180	0.6
[60, 80)	980	0.3
[80, 100]	1280	0.3

图 13 常规运行场景仿真运行曲线

Fig.13 Simulation results in regular operation scenarios

表 5 风光氢储系统运行模式

Table 5 Wind-photovoltaic-hydrogen-storage system operation mode

时间/s		模式
[0, 20)		4
[20, 40)		12
[40, 60)		5
[60, 80)		4
[80, 100]		12

表 6 临界运行场景1中的系统负荷设置

Table 6 System load settings in scenario 1

时间/s	电负荷/kW	氢负荷/(mol·s^–1)
[0, 20)	740	0.45
[20, 40)	940	0.45
[40, 50)	890	0.45
[50, 70)	890	0.5
[70, 80)	820	0.5
[80, 90)	710	0.3
[90, 100]	1110	0.3

图 14 临界运行场景1仿真运行曲线

Fig.14 Simulation results in scenario 1

表 7 临界运行场景1工作模式

Table 7 Operation modes in scenario 1

时间/s	模式	时间/s	模式
[0, 35.3)	12	[70, 90)	4
[35.3, 40)	13	[90, 94.5)	12
[40, 70)	7	[94.5, 100]	9

表 8 临界运行场景2中的系统负荷设置

Table 8 System load settings in scenario 2

时间/s	电负荷/kW	氢负荷/(mol·s^–1)
[0,30)	697	0.75
[30,60)	710	0.3
[60,80)	603	0.3
[80,100]	581	0.3

图 15 临界运行场景2仿真运行曲线

Fig.15 Simulation results in scenario 2

表 9 临界运行场景2工作模式

Table 9 Operation modes in scenario 2

时间/s	模式	时间/s	模式
[0, 10)	1	[30, 71.6)	6
[10, 20)	2	[71.6, 80)	8
[20, 30)	3	[80, 100]	12

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考虑荷电与储氢状态的风光氢储系统动态控制仿真模型

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考虑荷电与储氢状态的风光氢储系统动态控制仿真模型

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