国外新能源高占比电力系统电力供应保障措施及启示

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202310101

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着全球能源转型深入推进，新能源快速发展，新能源高占比电力系统供应保障问题日益凸显，近期已成为部分国家关注的焦点。为此，首先详细分析了新能源出力特性以及在电力平衡、负荷支撑度等方面对电力供应保障的挑战；其次选取德国、美国和日本等新能源发展较早占比较高的典型国家，从政策法规、监测预警、调度运行管理等方面，深入研究了其在新能源高占比电力系统中采取的保障电力安全可靠供应的实践经验；最后结合中国新型电力系统建设的实际情况，提出了对中国新能源发展的启示，为中国电力供应保障提供一定的参考借鉴。

关键词: 能源转型, 新能源, 电力系统, 电力供应, 保障措施

Abstract:

With the global energy transformation and the rapid development of new energy, the power supply security issue of the power system with high proportion of new energy has become increasingly prominent and attracted focal attentions in some countries. Firstly, we analyzed in detail the power output characteristics of new energy and its challenges to power supply security in power balance and load support degree. Secondly, by selecting Germany, the United States, Japan and other typical countries with a relatively high proportion of new energy development, we made an in-depth study of their practical experience of ensuring the safe and reliable power supply in the power system with a high proportion of new energy from three aspects of policies and regulations, monitoring and early warning, dispatching and operation management. Finally, based on the actual situation of China's new power system construction, we proposed the implications for China's new energy development, which can provide a certain reference for China's power supply security.

Key words: energy transition, new energy, power system, power supply, ensuring measures

叶小宁, 王彩霞, 李琼慧, 杨超. 国外新能源高占比电力系统电力供应保障措施及启示[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(4): 61-67.

Xiaoning YE, Caixia WANG, Qionghui LI, Chao YANG. Power Supply Ensuring Measures and Implications of Foreign Countries' Power Systems with High Proportion of New Energy[J]. Electric Power, 2024, 57(4): 61-67.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202310101

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2024/V57/I4/61

图/表 5

表 1 近年来新能源相关电力供应安全事故汇总

Table 1 Summary of new energy-related power supply security accidents in recent years

停电事故	事故影响	新能源影响	新能源装机比例/%
2017年2·8南澳大停电	停电30万kW，影响9万家庭	停电前1 h，新能源出力骤减63%	45.6
2020年8月美国加州高温停电	停电100万kW，影响330万人	停电前1 h，新能源出力骤减54%	27.0
2021年2月，美国得州寒潮停电	停电1650万kW，影响450万人	大量风电机组退出运行，损失64%的风电发电容量	30.5

图 1 德国电力供应安全评估方法

Fig.1 German electricity supply security assessment method

图 2 德国2020~2035年电源结构变化预测

Fig.2 Forecast of power supply structure change in Germany from 2020 to 2035

图 3 输电网运营商平衡偏差调整机制

Fig.3 Balance deviation adjustment mechanism of power transmission grid operator

表 2 15 min间隔内某个平衡组电量平衡案例

Table 2 Power balance case of a balance group within a 15 min interval

输入电量/(万kW·h)		输出电量/(万kW·h)
发电厂X	115.3	用户A	1.4
发电厂Y	42.2	用户B	11.2
从S购买	10.0	向C出售	90.0
从T购买	5.1	向D出售	70.0
合计	172.6	合计	172.6

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