可再生能源电解水制氢系统规划优化与生产模拟

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202306045

中国电力 ›› 2024, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (4): 52-60.DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202306045

可再生能源电解水制氢系统规划优化与生产模拟

张丝钰¹(), 张宁¹(), 代红才¹, 冯长有², 周专³, 朱克平⁴

1. 国网能源研究院有限公司，北京　102209
2. 国家电力调度控制中心，北京　100031
3. 国网新疆电力有限公司，新疆乌鲁木齐　830063
4. 国网浙江电力有限公司，浙江杭州　310008

收稿日期:2023-06-14 录用日期:2023-09-12 发布日期:2024-04-23 出版日期:2024-04-28
作者简介:张丝钰（1993—），女，博士，研究员，从事氢能、能源电力规划、能源转型、综合能源等领域研究，E-mail：siyuzhang0731@163.com
张宁（1989—），男，博士，研究员，从事能源电力规划、能源转型、能源互联网、综合能源等领域研究，E-mail：zhangning@mail.sgeri.com.cn
基金资助:
国家电网有限公司科技项目（电解水制氢-储氢-供氢系统联合规划仿真及电-氢协同互动模式研究，5419-202257456A-2-0-ZN）。

Optimization and Simulation on Hydrogen Production System Using Water Electrolysis Powered by Renewable Energy

Siyu ZHANG¹(), Ning ZHANG¹(), Hongcai DAI¹, Changyou FENG², Zhuan ZHOU³, Keping ZHU⁴

1. State Grid Energy Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 102209, China
2. National Electric Power Dispatch and Control Center, Beijing 100031, China
3. State Grid Xinjiang Electric Power Co., Ltd., Urumchi 830063, China
4. State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310008, China

Received:2023-06-14 Accepted:2023-09-12 Online:2024-04-23 Published:2024-04-28
Supported by:
This work is supported by Science and Technology Project of SGCC (Research on the Coupled Planning Simulation of Hydrogen Production from Electrolysis-Hydrogen Storage-Hydrogen Supply System and Interaction Modes Between Power and Hydrogen System, No.5419-202257456A-2-0-ZN).

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

可再生能源电解水制备所得的氢气，可助力部分难以实现电气化替代的部门深度脱碳，并推动不同部门和能源网络之间形成协同效应。系统配置与生产运行方案的优化是降低绿氢制取成本、提升其经济竞争力的关键。本文提出了一种可再生能源电解水制氢系统规划优化与生产模拟模型，深入分析风电/光伏、电化学储能等关键设备以及电解槽的容量配比、电价水平等关键因素对氢气平准化成本的影响机理，并结合西北、东南2个代表性地区开展典型案例研究。研究结果表明，用电成本是影响绿氢经济性的主要因素，绿氢项目向新能源富集地区聚集，在少数优质资源地的绿氢制取成本已降至20元/kg左右。若未来电价水平与当前基本持平，绿氢项目运行模式将逐步由并网向将电网作为备用的模式转变。研究结论可为绿氢项目的规划建设提供理论指导与重要参考。

关键词: 绿氢, 电解水, 规划优化, 平准化成本, 电解槽, 储能

Abstract:

Hydrogen produced from water electrolysis powered by renewable energy can help de-carbonize certain hard-to-abate sectors and promote synergy between different sectors and energy networks. As a matter of fact, the optimization of system configuration and operation scheme is vital to reduce the cost of hydrogen production and boost its economy competitiveness. In this paper, a planning optimization and production simulation model of water electrolysis system powered by renewable energy is proposed. The effects of critical components and related key factors, such as the wind power/photovoltaic-electrolyzer ratio, the electrochemical energy storage-electrolyzer ratio and electricity prices, on the levelized cost of hydrogen is analyzed in depth based on the typical configuration of hydrogen production system. Furthermore, two case studies representing typical areas in northwestern and southeastern China are carried out. The results show that the expense of electricity consumption is the major contributor affecting the economy of green hydrogen, which will drive these projects to be relocated to those places with plentiful renewable resources where the levelized cost of hydrogen is dropped to nearly 20 RMB/kg. In the future, the operation of green hydrogen projects will transit from in-grid mode to off-grid mode as system reserve backup if the electricity prices are roughly the same as that now. The research conclusions could provide theoretical guidance and important reference for the planning and construction of green hydrogen projects.

Key words: green hydrogen, water electrolysis, plan and optimization, levelized cost, electrolyser, energy storage

张丝钰, 张宁, 代红才, 冯长有, 周专, 朱克平. 可再生能源电解水制氢系统规划优化与生产模拟[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(4): 52-60.

Siyu ZHANG, Ning ZHANG, Hongcai DAI, Changyou FENG, Zhuan ZHOU, Keping ZHU. Optimization and Simulation on Hydrogen Production System Using Water Electrolysis Powered by Renewable Energy[J]. Electric Power, 2024, 57(4): 52-60.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202306045

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2024/V57/I4/52

图/表 10

表 1 模型关键参数取值

Table 1 Values for key parameters

参数	当前	2030年
电解槽的设备投资成本X₁/(元∙kW^–1)	1500	1000
电解槽的设备运维成本O₁/(元∙(kW∙年)^–1)	70.5	47
光伏电站的设备投资成本X₂/(元∙kW^–1)	3420	2050
光伏电站的设备运维成本O₂/(元∙(kW∙年)^–1)	34.2	20.5
风电站的设备投资成本X₃/(元∙kW^–1)	5140	3341
风电站的设备运维成本O₃/(元∙(kW∙年)^–1)	143.9	93.5
电化学储能的设备投资成本X₄/(元∙(kW∙h)^–1)	2500	1500
电化学储能的设备运维成本O₄/(元∙(kW∙年)^–1)	62.5	37.5
电解槽的效率 F_L	0.7
电化学储能机组的效率 F_S	0.9
电化学储能充电时间 h_S/h	4
折现率 r/%	8

图 1 氢气平准化成本随发电机组与电解槽容量比的变化

Fig.1 The variation of LCOH with PV-to-electrolyser ratio

图 2 氢气平准化成本随储能机组与电解槽容量比的变化

Fig.2 The variation of LCOH with storage-to-electrolyser ratio

图 3 氢气平准化成本随电价的变化

Fig.3 The variation of LCOH with electricity price

图 4 西北部某地区典型周风电、光伏出力

Fig.4 The per-unit output for wind and PV power stations in northwestern area in China

图 5 西北部某地区典型周内绿氢项目关键设备出力

Fig.5 The production simulation results in a typical week for a green hydrogen project in northwestern China

图 6 2030年西北部某地区典型周内绿氢项目关键设备出力

Fig.6 The production simulation results in a typical week for a green hydrogen project in northwestern China in 2030

图 7 东南部某地区典型周风电、光伏出力

Fig.7 The per-unit output for wind and PV power stations in southeastern in China

图 8 东南部某地区典型周内绿氢项目关键设备出力

Fig.8 The production simulation results in a typical week for a green hydrogen project in southeastern in China

图 9 2030年东南部某地区典型周内绿氢项目关键设备出力

Fig.9 The production simulation results in a typical week for a green hydrogen project in southeastern China in 2030

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