碳-绿证交易机制下计及分布式储能的虚拟电厂经济性分析

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202505072

中国电力 ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (1): 20-32.DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202505072

• 考虑分布式虚拟储能聚合的综合能源系统规划、运行和交易的关键技术 • 上一篇下一篇

碳-绿证交易机制下计及分布式储能的虚拟电厂经济性分析

张敏¹(), 郭翔宇¹(), 常潇¹(), 姚宏民¹(), 张世锋¹(), 吴英俊²()

1. 国网山西省电力有限公司电力科学研究院，山西太原　030002
2. 河海大学电气与动力工程学院，江苏南京　211100

收稿日期:2025-05-26 修回日期:2025-12-21 发布日期:2026-01-13 出版日期:2026-01-28
作者简介:
张敏（1988），女，高级工程师，从事虚拟电厂与需求侧响应关键技术研究，E-mail：mevisan@126.com
郭翔宇（1994），男，工程师，从事虚拟电厂与车网互动关键技术研究，E-mail：591804904@qq.com
常潇（1987），男，正高级工程，从事电力系统运行分析研究，E-mail：334690242@qq.com
姚宏民（1993），男，工程师，从事电能质量关键技术分析研究，E-mail：yaohongmin@sx.sgcc.com.cn
张世锋（19889），男，高级工程师，从事需求侧响应与电能质量关键技术分析研究，E-mail：zhangshifeng4696@163.com
吴英俊（1985），男，通信作者，副教授，从事电力需求侧运行分析与优化研究，E-mail：yingjunwu@hotmail.com
基金资助:
国家电网有限公司总部管理科技项目（5400-202415213A-1-1-ZN）。

Economic analysis of virtual power plants incorporating distributed energy storage in carbon-green certificate trading mechanisms

ZHANG Min¹(), GUO Xiangyu¹(), CHANG Xiao¹(), YAO Hongmin¹(), ZHANG Shifeng¹(), WU Yingjun²()

1. State Grid Shanxi Electric Power Company, Taiyuan 030002, China
2. College of Energy and Electrical Engineering Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China

Received:2025-05-26 Revised:2025-12-21 Online:2026-01-13 Published:2026-01-28
Supported by:
This work is supported by Management Science and Technology Project of SGCC Headquarters (No.5400-202415213A-1-1-ZN).

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在“双碳”目标下，实现虚拟电厂经济与环境效益协同优化是能源绿色转型的关键。当前研究仍面临关键挑战：虚拟电厂优化模型难以协同兼顾经济与环境效益，求解方法保守性强、收敛性差。为此，提出一种碳-绿证交易机制下计及分布式储能的虚拟电厂低碳经济调度模型。首先，突破单一交易机制局限，构建考虑风险的碳-绿证协同交易机制，实现最大化减排收益与经济效益；其次，考虑分布式储能在提升经济效益和新能源消纳率方面的优势，进一步挖掘碳-绿证机制的潜力，建立含分布式储能的多元电源虚拟电厂优化模型；最后，为解决传统求解方式存在保守性强、收敛性差问题，引入黑翅鸢算法提升求解效率。仿真结果表明，该模型在显著提升可再生能源消纳率与系统净收益、有效降低碳排放的同时，相对于单一碳交易机制可实现净利润提升33.9%、碳排放量下降16.6%，且算法迭代速度更快、收敛稳定性强。

关键词: 虚拟电厂, 分布式储能, 经济性分析

Abstract:

Under the dual-carbon goals, achieving the synergistic optimization of economic and environmental benefits in virtual power plants is crucial for the green transformation of the energy system. However, current research still faces two major challenges: the optimization models struggle to balance economic and environmental benefits simultaneously, and the solution methods tend to be conservative with poor convergence. To address these issues, a low-carbon economic dispatch model for virtual power plants incorporating distributed energy storage under a carbon-green certificate trading mechanism is proposed. First, moving beyond the limitations of single trading mechanisms, a risk-aware carbon-green certificate synergistic trading mechanism is constructed to maximize emission reduction revenue and economic benefits. Second, leveraging the advantages of distributed energy storage in enhancing economic efficiency and renewable energy consumption rates, the potential of the carbon-green certificate mechanism is further exploited by establishing a diversified source virtual power plant optimization model that includes distributed storage. Finally, to overcome the conservativeness and poor convergence of traditional solution methods, the black-winged kite algorithm is introduced to improve solving efficiency. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed model significantly increases the renewable energy consumption rate and net system profit while effectively reducing carbon emissions. Compared to a single carbon trading mechanism, it achieves up to a 33.9% increase in net profit and a 16.6% reduction in carbon emissions, with faster iteration speed and stronger convergence stability, validating the algorithm's effectiveness in handling high-dimensional nonlinear constrained problems.

Key words: virtual power plant, distributed energy storage, economic analysis

张敏, 郭翔宇, 常潇, 姚宏民, 张世锋, 吴英俊. 碳-绿证交易机制下计及分布式储能的虚拟电厂经济性分析[J]. 中国电力, 2026, 59(1): 20-32.

ZHANG Min, GUO Xiangyu, CHANG Xiao, YAO Hongmin, ZHANG Shifeng, WU Yingjun. Economic analysis of virtual power plants incorporating distributed energy storage in carbon-green certificate trading mechanisms[J]. Electric Power, 2026, 59(1): 20-32.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202505072

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2026/V59/I1/20

图/表 19

图 1 绿色证书市场运作流程

Fig.1 Green certificate market operation process

图 2 碳交易市场运作流程

Fig.2 Carbon trading market operation process

图 3 虚拟电厂的运营体系

Fig.3 VPP operation system

表 1 分段电价

Table 1 Tiered electricity pricing

时段	购电价格电价/(元·(kW·h)^–1)	售电价格电价/(元·(kW·h)^–1)
峰时段	1.32	0.82
平时段	0.83	0.53
谷时段	0.37	0.25

表 2 电源参数

Table 2 Power source parameters

设备	容量/MW	机组数量
燃气轮机	50	4
风电机组	3	50

表 3 储能配置

Table 3 Energy storage configuration

设备	容量/MW	容量下限	容量上限
电池储能系统	100	20	90

表 4 设备参数

Table 4 Thermal power units

设备名称	参数	数值
燃气轮机	机组发电上限值/MW	50
	机组发电下限值/MW	10
	功率的下降速率限值/MW	1.5
	系统旋转备用率/%	10
风电机组	机组允许的最大出力/MW	1.50
电池储能系统	充电功率/MW	2
电池储能系统	放电功率/MW	1.50

图 4 电负荷优化出力情况

Fig.4 Optimization of force situation by electric load

图 5 各场景碳排放量、成本、净利润对比

Fig.5 Comparison of carbon emissions, costs, and net profits across scenarios

图 6 各场景可再生能源消纳率

Fig.6 Renewable energy accommodation rate by scenario

表 5 投资回报率及投资回报周期对比

Table 5 Comparison of return on investment (ROI) and payback period

场景	投资回报周期/年	投资回报率/%	收益成本比
1	5.17	18.6	1.13
2	4.36	20.7	1.21
3	3.80	25.6	1.30
4	3.15	31.7	1.50

图 7 各场景可再生能源消纳率

Fig.7 Impact curves of quota coefficients on system operational characteristics

表 6 含高比例风电经地区济效益分析

Table 6 Economic benefit analysis of regions with high wind power penetration 单位：万元

场景	成本	净收益
1	2.10	2.30
2	2.00	2.80
3	1.60	3.10
4	1.10	3.90

图 8 配额系数对系统运行特性的影响曲线

Fig.8 Impact curves of quota coefficients on system operational characteristics

图 9 不同绿证价格影响曲线

Fig.9 Impact curves of different green certificate prices

图 10 运行成本与碳排放量随碳价变化

Fig.10 Operating cost and carbon emissions vs. carbon price variation

图 11 净收益和电池储能系统容量变化

Fig.11 Net benefit & battery energy storage system capacity variation

图 12 3种算法的收敛速度比较

Fig.12 Comparison of the convergence speeds of three algorithms

表 7 种群规模与净收益分析

Table 7 Population size and net benefit analysis

种群规模	收敛代数	最优净收益/万元
30	3	2.70
50	10	3.10
100	15	4.10
200	18	4.10
300	18	4.10

参考文献 44

1	魏春晖, 单林森, 胡大栋, 等. 面向需求响应的园区虚拟电厂优化调度策略[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58 (6): 112- 121. DOI
	WEI Chunhui, SHAN Linsen, HU Dadong, et al. Optimal scheduling strategy of park-level virtual power plant for demand response[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58 (6): 112- 121. DOI
2	仪忠凯, 侯朗博, 徐英, 等. 市场环境下灵活性资源虚拟电厂聚合调控关键技术综述[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57 (12): 82- 96.
	YI Zhongkai, HOU Langbo, XU Ying, et al. Aggregation and operation key technology of virtual power plant with flexible resources in electricity market environment: review[J]. Electric Power, 2024, 57 (12): 82- 96.
3	刘刚, 田志浩, 黄颖峰, 等. 考虑虚拟电厂的电力系统一致性经济调度方法[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58 (6): 105- 111.
	LIU Gang, TIAN Zhihao, HUANG Yingfeng, et al. Consistency economic dispatch method for power systems considering virtual power plants[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58 (6): 105- 111.
4	王宇绅, 陈皓勇, 黄宇翔, 等. 多重不确定性下的虚拟电厂参与电能量和需求响应市场鲁棒优化调度策略[J]. 发电技术, 2024, 45 (6): 1173- 1185. DOI
	WANG Yushen, CHEN Haoyong, HUANG Yuxiang, et al. Robust optimal scheduling strategy for virtual power plant participation in electric energy and demand response markets under multiple uncertainties[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2024, 45 (6): 1173- 1185. DOI
5	段贵超, 王恭, 曹生现, 等. 虚拟电厂运行策略及DG分布式控制研究[J]. 发电技术, 2024, 45 (4): 765- 771. DOI
	DUAN Guichao, WANG Gong, CAO Shengxian, et al. Research on operation strategy of virtual power plant and distributed control of DG[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2024, 45 (4): 765- 771. DOI
6	杨力帆, 周鲲, 齐增清, 等. 基于需求响应的虚拟电厂多时间尺度优化调度[J]. 电网与清洁能源, 2024, 40 (3): 10- 21.
	YANG Lifan, ZHOU Kun, QI Zengqing, et al. A multi-time scale optimal scheduling strategy of virtual power plants based on demand response[J]. Advances of Power System & Hydroelectric Engineering, 2024, 40 (3): 10- 21.
7	黄灿兵, 熊妮, 吴伟, 等. 虚拟电厂参与一次调频的优化调度策略研究[J]. 浙江电力, 2025, 44 (2): 42- 52. DOI
	HUANG Canbing, XIONG Ni, WU Wei, et al. Research on an optimal scheduling strategy for a virtual power plant participating in primary frequency regulation[J]. Zhejiang Electric Power, 2025, 44 (2): 42- 52. DOI
8	任宇路, 程昱舒, 张雪瑞, 等. 碳交易下含氢储能的综合能源系统运行优化[J]. 电测与仪表, 2025, 62 (12): 11- 19. DOI
	REN Yulu, CHENG Yushu, ZHANG Xuerui, et al. Operation optimization of integrated energy system with hydrogen storage under carbon trading[J]. Electrical Measurement & Instrumentation, 2025, 62 (12): 11- 19. DOI
9	陈兴龙, 曹喜民, 陈洁, 等. 绿证-碳交易机制下热电灵活响应的园区综合能源系统优化调度[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57 (6): 110- 120.
	CHEN Xinglong, CAO Ximin, CHEN Jie, et al. Optimized dispatch of park integrated energy system with thermoelectric flexible response under green certificate-carbon trading mechanism[J]. Electric Power, 2024, 57 (6): 110- 120.
10	崔勇, 韩一春, 郑谦, 等. 多能联盟低碳运营决策方法研究框架与展望[J]. 电测与仪表, 2024, 61 (3): 10- 19.
	CUI Yong, HAN Yichun, ZHENG Qian, et al. Research framework and prospect of multi-energy alliance low-carbon operation decision-making method[J]. Electrical Measurement & Instrumentation, 2024, 61 (3): 10- 19.
11	陈勇, 芮俊, 肖雷鸣, 等. 基于动态主从博弈模型的综合能源系统碳交易方法[J]. 浙江电力, 2024, 43 (4): 51- 62. DOI
	CHEN Yong, RUI Jun, XIAO Leiming, et al. A carbon trading method for integrated energy systems based on a dynamic master-slave game model[J]. Zhejiang Electric Power, 2024, 43 (4): 51- 62. DOI
12	刘海涛, 仲聪, 马佳伊, 等. 考虑条件风险价值和阶梯碳交易的综合能源系统优化调度[J]. 电测与仪表, 2024, 61 (4): 100- 108. DOI
	LIU Haitao, ZHONG Cong, MA Jiayi, et al. Optimal dispatching of integrated energy system considering conditional value at risk and ladder carbon trading[J]. Electrical Measurement & Instrumentation, 2024, 61 (4): 100- 108. DOI
13	李健, 张诤杰, 杜龙, 等. 考虑 “电-碳-绿” 联合交易的虚拟电厂博弈优化调度[J]. 浙江电力, 2025, 44 (2): 64- 74. DOI
	LI Jian, ZHANG Zhengjie, DU Long, et al. Game optimization scheduling of virtual power plant considering electricity, carbon and green certificate markets[J]. Zhejiang Electric Power, 2025, 44 (2): 64- 74. DOI
14	寇凌峰, 张颖, 季宇, 等. 分布式储能的典型应用场景及运营模式分析[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2020, 48 (4): 177- 187. DOI
	KOU Lingfeng, ZHANG Ying, JI Yu, et al. Typical application scenario and operation mode analysis of distributed energy storage[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2020, 48 (4): 177- 187. DOI
15	陈海生, 刘畅, 徐玉杰, 等. 储能在碳达峰碳中和目标下的战略地位和作用[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10 (5): 1477- 1485. DOI
	CHEN Haisheng, LIU Chang, XU Yujie, et al. The strategic position and role of energy storage under the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10 (5): 1477- 1485. DOI
16	郭威, 修晓青, 李文启, 等. 计及多属性综合指标与经济性的电网侧储能系统选址配置方法[J]. 电力建设, 2020, 41 (4): 53- 62. DOI
	GUO Wei, XIU Xiaoqing, LI Wenqi, et al. Siting and configuration methods for grid-side energy storage system considering multi-attribute comprehensive indices and economy[J]. Electric Power Construction, 2020, 41 (4): 53- 62. DOI
17	LIU S, ZHOU C, GUO H M, et al. Operational optimization of a building-level integrated energy system considering additional potential benefits of energy storage[J]. Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems, 2021, 6, 4. DOI
18	ZHAO Z L, GUO J T, LAI C S, et al. Distributed model predictive control strategy for islands multimicrogrids based on noncooperative game[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2021, 17 (6): 3803- 3814. DOI
19	韩晓娟, 王祖冉, 徐铭璐. 基于碳-绿证交易的多场景源网荷储两阶段鲁棒-博弈优化调度[J/OL]. 电网技术, 1–17 [2025-04-12]. https://doi.org/10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2024.1387.
	HAN Xiaojuan, WANG Zuran, XU Minglu. Robust optimal scheduling of multi-scenario source-network-load-energy storage robust-game based on carbon-green certificate trading mechanisms[J/OL]. Power System Technology, 1–17 [2025-04-12]. https://doi.org/10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2024.1387.
20	江阎, 宋晨辉, 张宁, 等. 考虑多能耦合的虚拟电厂优化运行模型与策略研究[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2025, 47 (1): 34- 41.
	JIANG Yan, SONG Chenhui, ZHANG Ning, et al. Study on optimized operation model and strategy for virtual power plants considering multi-energy coupling[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2025, 47 (1): 34- 41.
21	苟凯杰, 吕鸣阳, 高悦, 等. 风-光-储和需求响应协同的虚拟电厂日前经济调度优化[J]. 广东电力, 2024, 37 (2): 18- 24. DOI
	GOU Kaijie, LV Mingyang, GAO Yue, et al. Day-ahead economic dispatch optimization of virtual power plant based on wind-photovoltaic-energy storage and demand response synergy[J]. Guangdong Electric Power, 2024, 37 (2): 18- 24. DOI
22	杨彪, 谭洪, 朱建川, 等. 面向电-氢本地能源市场的综合能源系统优化运行模型[J/OL]. 电力系统自动化, 2025: 1–10[2025-12-19]. https://link.cnki.net/urlid/32.1180.TP.20251218.1735.006.
	YANG Biao, TAN Hong, ZHU Jianchuan, et al. Optimization operation model of integrated energy systems for electricity-hydrogen local energy markets[J/OL]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2025: 1–10[2025-12-19]. https://link.cnki.net/urlid/32.1180.TP.20251218.1735.006.
23	李明扬, 董哲. 含分布式新能源和需求响应负荷的虚拟电厂定价机制及优化调度[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2024, 46 (10): 12- 17. DOI
	LI Mingyang, DONG Zhe. Pricing mechanism and optimal scheduling of virtual power plants containing distributed renewable energy and demand response loads[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2024, 46 (10): 12- 17. DOI
24	王子辰, 胡春鹤. 基于改进黑翅鸢算法的永磁同步电机自抗扰控制[J]. 电机与控制应用, 2025, 52 (3): 262- 271.
	WANG Zichen, HU Chunhe. Active disturbance rejection control of permanent magnet synchronous motor based on improved black-winged kite algorithm[J]. Electric Machines & Control Application, 2025, 52 (3): 262- 271.
25	骆钊, 秦景辉, 梁俊宇, 等. 含碳-绿色证书联合交易机制的综合能源系统日前优化调度[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2021, 41 (9): 248- 255. DOI
	LUO Zhao, QIN Jinghui, LIANG Junyu, et al. Day-ahead optimal scheduling of integrated energy system with carbon-green certificate coordinated trading mechanism[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2021, 41 (9): 248- 255. DOI
26	崔先迤, 曾伟杰, 崔泽政, 等. 考虑氢负荷需求的风光氢热联产型虚拟电厂日前调度优化运行策略[J]. 湖南电力, 2024, 44 (6): 1- 9. DOI
	CUI Xianyi, ZENG Weijie, CUI Zezheng, et al. Day-head scheduling optimal operation strategy for wind-solar-hydrogen-heat cogeneration virtual power plants considering hydrogen load requirements[J]. Hunan Electric Power, 2024, 44 (6): 1- 9. DOI
27	崔一阳, 黎灿兵, 潘斗南, 等. 高比例新能源电力系统中机组组合研究综述[J]. 湖南电力, 2025, 45 (1): 37- 45. DOI
	CUI Yiyang, LI Canbing, PAN Dounan, et al. A review of unit commitment in high proportion renewable energy power systems[J]. Hunan Electric Power, 2025, 45 (1): 37- 45. DOI
28	周建华, 梁昌誉, 史林军, 等. 计及阶梯式碳交易机制的综合能源系统优化调度[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58 (2): 77- 87. DOI
	ZHOU Jianhua, LIANG Changyu, SHI Linjun, et al. Optimal scheduling of integrated energy system considering the ladder-type carbon trading mechanism[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58 (2): 77- 87. DOI
29	刘奕辰, 肖红谊, 刘晓宏, 等. 考虑绿证交易及碳排放约束的含风光储微网低碳优化调度[J]. 浙江电力, 2024, 43 (8): 66- 73. DOI
	LIU Yichen, XIAO Hongyi, LIU Xiaohong, et al. Low-carbon optimal scheduling for hybrid wind/PV/storage microgrids considering GEC trading and carbon emission constraints[J]. Zhejiang Electric Power, 2024, 43 (8): 66- 73. DOI
30	何斯强, 张俊岭, 顾宗奇, 等. 面向分布式资源聚合管控的虚拟电厂建模与优化控制综述[J]. 山东电力技术, 2024, 51 (2): 11- 24, 45. DOI
	HE Siqiang, ZHANG Junling, GU Zongqi, et al. Overview of virtual power plant modeling and optimization control for distributed resource aggregation and control[J]. Shandong Electric Power, 2024, 51 (2): 11- 24, 45. DOI
31	生态环境部. 2023、2024年度全国碳排放权交易发电行业配额总量和分配方案[EB/OL]. (2024-08-31) [2025-07-09]. https://www.mee.gov.cn/xxgk2018/xxgk/xxgk03/202410/t20241021_1089750.html.
32	汪进锋, 李金鹏, 许银亮, 等. 考虑不确定性和绿证交易的虚拟电厂与配电网分布式优化[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58 (4): 21- 30, 192. DOI
	WANG Jinfeng, LI Jinpeng, XU Yinliang, et al. Distributed optimization for VPP and distribution network operation considering uncertainty and green certificate market[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58 (4): 21- 30, 192. DOI
33	YANG B, LIU S W, GAO H D. Energy e-commerce user portrait and multi-agent cooperative game price mechanism design[J]. Frontiers in Energy Research, 2024, 12, 1379612. DOI
34	张文博, 秦文萍, 刘佳昕, 等. 绿证-电-碳耦合市场下计及需求响应与租赁共享储能的VPP鲁棒优化调度策略[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2025, 47 (5): 31- 40. DOI
	ZHANG Wenbo, QIN Wenping, LIU Jiaxin, et al. Robust optimization scheduling strategy for virtual power plants considering demand response and leasing shared energy storage under the green certificate-electricity-carbon coupled market[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2025, 47 (5): 31- 40. DOI
35	程松, 周鑫, 任景, 等. 面向新型能源体系的电力市场机制发展趋势研究[J]. 广东电力, 2023, 36 (11): 29- 40. DOI
	CHENG Song, ZHOU Xin, REN Jing, et al. Research on the trend of electricity market mechanism for new energy system[J]. Guangdong Electric Power, 2023, 36 (11): 29- 40. DOI
36	杨彪, 李佳蓉, 魏子轲. 美国分布式能源发展对我国的启示[J]. 中国电力企业管理, 2024 (25): 94- 96. DOI
37	詹智民, 范玉宏, 刘翊枫, 等. 含可再生能源的虚拟电厂参与碳市场交易优化模型[J]. 可再生能源, 2023, 41 (9): 1263- 1269. DOI
	ZHAN Zhimin, FAN Yuhong, LIU Yifeng, et al. An optimization model of carbon market transactions of virtual power plants with renewable energy[J]. Renewable Energy Resources, 2023, 41 (9): 1263- 1269. DOI
38	江海燕, 李晨阳, 孟诗语, 等. 考虑配电网分区的虚拟电厂分布式协同优化运行模型[J]. 浙江电力, 2025, 44 (2): 53- 63. DOI
	JIANG Haiyan, LI Chenyang, MENG Shiyu, et al. A distributed cooperative optimal operating model for virtual power plants consider-ing distribution network partitions[J]. Zhejiang Electric Power, 2025, 44 (2): 53- 63. DOI
39	谭洪, 杨彪, 张延旭, 等. 虚拟电厂设计与运营[M]. 北京: 中国电力出版社, 2025.
40	梁绥东. 面向虚拟电厂的储能运行优化与可调节资源协同调度研究[J]. 电网与清洁能源, 2025, 41 (9): 27- 36. DOI
	LIANG Suidong. Research on energy storage operation optimization and adjustable resource collaborative scheduling for virtual power plants[J]. Power System and Clean Energy, 2025, 41 (9): 27- 36. DOI
41	周洋, 黄德志, 李培栋, 等. 考虑平衡端点相位不对称及光伏接入的低压配电网三相潮流模型[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57 (10): 190- 198. DOI
	ZHOU Yang, HUANG Dezhi, LI Peidong, et al. A three-phase power flow model for low-voltage distribution networks considering balanced bus phase asymmetry and photovoltaic access[J]. Electric Power, 2024, 57 (10): 190- 198. DOI
42	王凯欣, 田云娜, 李奕轩. 求解复杂函数及工程问题的改进黑翅鸢优化算法[J]. 计算机技术与发展, 2025, 35 (10): 191- 198. DOI
	WANG Kaixin, TIAN Yunna, LI Yixuan. An improved black-winged kite optimization algorithm for solving complex functions and engineering problem[J]. Computer Technology and Development, 2025, 35 (10): 191- 198. DOI
43	黄文涛, 路林艳, 徐思文. 基于黑翅鸢优化长短期记忆网络的短期电力负荷预测[J]. 现代工业经济和信息化, 2025, 15 (3): 272- 273, 281. DOI
	HUANG Wentao, LU Linyan, XU Siwen. Short-term power load forecasting based on black-winged kite optimised long and short-term memory networks[J]. Modern Industrial Economy and Informationization, 2025, 15 (3): 272- 273, 281. DOI
44	周建新, 侯自川, 李忠泽. 融合多策略改进的黑翅鸢优化算法[J]. 电子测量技术, 2024, 47 (22): 104- 110. DOI
	ZHOU Jianxin, HOU Zichuan, LI Zhongze. Black-winged kite optimization algorithm with multi-strategy improvement[J]. Electronic Measurement Technology, 2024, 47 (22): 104- 110. DOI

[1]	吴潇雨, 曹雨晨, 孟鹤立, 刘林. 德国虚拟电厂发展现状经验分析及启示[J]. 中国电力, 2026, 59(1): 1-9.
[2]	王辉东, 倪琳娜, 芦鹏飞, 程颖, 吴英俊. 考虑储能动态特性的虚拟电厂多指标融合可靠性评估方法[J]. 中国电力, 2026, 59(1): 33-43.
[3]	沈运帷, 岑闻雨, 周波. 考虑供电设备差异化报价的虚拟电厂电能量-调峰联合市场优化策略[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(7): 115-127.
[4]	刘军会, 龚健, 佟炳绅, 李松杰, 张艺涵, 崔世常, 田春筝, 张永斌. 基于分布式储能与光伏的虚拟电厂与配电网协同优化方法[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(6): 1-9.
[5]	刘刚, 田志浩, 黄颖峰, 摆世彬, 张越, 李桐, 丁振桓. 考虑虚拟电厂的电力系统一致性经济调度方法[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(6): 105-111.
[6]	魏春晖, 单林森, 胡大栋, 高乾恒, 张新松, 薛晓岑. 面向需求响应的园区虚拟电厂优化调度策略[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(6): 112-121.
[7]	汪进锋, 李金鹏, 许银亮, 刘海涛, 何锦雄, 许建远. 考虑不确定性和绿证交易的虚拟电厂与配电网分布式优化[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(4): 21-30, 192.
[8]	李明冰, 李强, 管西洋, 周皓阳, 卢瑞, 冯延坤. 市场环境下考虑多元用户侧资源协同的虚拟电厂低碳优化调度[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(2): 66-76.
[9]	刘钟淇, 刘耀, 侯金鸣. 以深远海风电为核心的能源岛能源外送经济性分析[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(9): 94-102.
[10]	么钟然, 孙丽颖. 考虑线路阻抗的分布式储能SOC均衡控制策略[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(9): 238-246.
[11]	杨珂, 王栋, 李达, 张王俊, 向尕, 李军. 虚拟电厂网络安全风险评估指标体系构建及量化计算[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(8): 130-137.
[12]	仪忠凯, 侯朗博, 徐英, 吴永峰, 李志民, 吴俊飞, 冯腾, 韩柳. 市场环境下灵活性资源虚拟电厂聚合调控关键技术综述[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(12): 82-96.
[13]	宋天琦, 吕志鹏, 宋振浩, 马韵婷, 张智慧, 周珊, 李昊. 虚拟电厂规模化灵活资源聚合调控框架研究与思考[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(1): 2-8.
[14]	周颖, 白雪峰, 王阳, 邱敏, 孙冲, 武亚杰, 李彬. 面向虚拟电厂运营的温度敏感负荷分析与演变趋势研判[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(1): 9-17.
[15]	朱睿, 欧乙丁, 李筱天, 雷星雨, 周宇晴, 张珀扬, 欧睿. 基于外特性等值的虚拟电厂灵活性资源价值评估[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(1): 30-39.

碳-绿证交易机制下计及分布式储能的虚拟电厂经济性分析

Economic analysis of virtual power plants incorporating distributed energy storage in carbon-green certificate trading mechanisms

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 19

参考文献 44

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

模态框（Modal）标题

碳-绿证交易机制下计及分布式储能的虚拟电厂经济性分析

Economic analysis of virtual power plants incorporating distributed energy storage in carbon-green certificate trading mechanisms

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 19

参考文献 44

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics