Coordinated control strategy of electric-hydrogen coupled energy storage DC microgrid considering hydrogen storage state and DC bus voltage stability

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202412042

Abstract

Abstract:

To address the issues of bus voltage fluctuations and state of hydrogen (SOH) limit violations in electric-hydrogen coupled energy storage DC microgrids, a coordinated control strategy for electric-hydrogen coupled energy storage DC microgrids considering SOH and DC bus voltage stability is proposed. Firstly, a droop control strategy based on fuzzy algorithm is used for hydrogen energy storage system (HESS) to dynamically optimize the output power of HESS by comprehensively considering bus voltage fluctuations and SOH. Secondly, a control strategy based on analogous virtual synchronous generator (AVSG) is utilized for battery energy storage system (BESS) to simulate the charge-discharge characteristics of capacitors, so as to optimize the dynamic performance of DC bus voltage. Finally, considering the amplitude of bus voltage fluctuation, the operation modes of HESS and BESS are controlled to further coordinately optimize the stability of DC bus voltage. A simulation model of the electric-hydrogen coupled energy storage microgrid is built on the Matlab/Simulink platform to verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. The test results show that the proposed coordinated control strategy can improve the stability of DC microgrid bus voltage and alleviate the overcharge and overdischarge of the hydrogen energy storage system under source-load fluctuation scenarios.

Key words: electric-hydrogen coupled energy storage, DC microgrid, fuzzy algorithm, droop control, AVSG control, coordinated control, voltage control strategy

XU Hengshan, CHAI Sen, WU Yangyang, LI Chenyang, ZHANG Yajian, MO Ruqiao. Coordinated control strategy of electric-hydrogen coupled energy storage DC microgrid considering hydrogen storage state and DC bus voltage stability[J]. Electric Power, 2026, 59(5): 20-32.

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URL: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/EN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202412042

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/EN/Y2026/V59/I5/20

Figures/Tables 18

Fig.1 Topological diagram of DC microgrid for electric-hydrogen coupled energy storage

Fig.2 Characteristic curve of hydrogen production efficiency of electrolyzer at 60 ℃

Fig.3 System control block diagram of DC microgrid with electro-hydrogen coupled energy storage

Table 1 Operating modes of storage system

运行模式	u_dc波动范围	控制策略
		HESS		BESS
		PEMEL	PEMFC	BESS
1	u_dc≤u_dc.min	停机	定电压	定功率
2	u_dc.min＜u_dc＜u_dc.L	待机	下垂	AVSG
3	u_dc.L≤u_dc≤u_dc.H	下垂	下垂	AVSG
4	u_dc.H＜u_dc＜u_dc.max	下垂	待机	AVSG
5	u_dc≥u_dc.max	定电压	停机	定功率

Fig.4 Control diagram of AVSG control

Fig.5 Drop control strategy based on fuzzy algorithm

Fig.6 Membership relationships between input variables and output variables

Table 2 Fuzzy rules of PEMEL-FLC

Δu_dc＞0	SOH
Δu_dc＞0	VS	S	M	B	VB
VS	VS	VS	VS	VS	VS
S	M	M	S	S	VS
M	B	B	M	S	VS
B	VB	B	B	M	VS
VB	VB	VB	B	M	VS

Fig.7 Reasoning results of PEMEL-FLC fuzzy logic

Table 3 Fuzzy rules of PEMFC-FLC

Δu_dc＜0	SOH
Δu_dc＜0	VS	S	M	B	VB
VS	VS	VS	VS	VS	VS
S	VS	S	S	M	M
M	VS	S	M	B	B
B	VS	M	B	B	VB
VB	VS	M	B	VB	VB

Fig.8 Reasoning results of PEMFC-FLC fuzzy logic

Table 4 Main simulation parameters of the DC microgrid model

模型	参数	数值	参数	数值
直流微网	u_N/V	800	C_dc/F	0.3
	u_dc.L (p.u.)	0.95	u_dc.H (p.u.)	1.05
	u_dc.min (p.u.)	0.9	u_dc.max (p.u.)	1.1
储能	P_b/kW	20	P_b.max (p.u.)	1.0
储能	S_N/(A·h)	20	C_vir0 (p.u.)	4.0
电解槽	P_el.N/kW	30	P_el.max (p.u.)	1.2
燃料电池	P_fc.N/kW	30	P_fc.max (p.u.)	1.2
直驱风机	P_Wind.N/kW	60	C_P.max	0.438

Fig.9 Test results under charging condition

Fig.10 Test results under discharging condition

Fig.11 Simulation results for operation scenario 1 under critical hydrogen storage state

Table 5 Quantitative comparison of voltage stability under critical state operation scenario 1

性能指标	策略1（所提策略）	策略2（传统策略）
母线电压波动范围/(p.u.)	（0.915, 1.011）	（0.899, 1.024）
母线电压标准差	0.03481	0.04158
电压最大波动值/(p.u.)	0.085	0.101

Fig.12 Simulation results for critical hydrogen storage state under operation scenario 2

Table 6 Quantitative comparison of voltage stability under critical state operation scenario 2

性能指标	策略1（所提策略）	策略2（传统策略）
母线电压波动范围 (p.u.)	（0.976, 1.084）	（0.975, 1.104）
母线电压标准差	0.03228	0.04251
电压最大波动值 (p.u.)	0.084	0.104

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