Adaptability Analysis of Positive Sequence Fault Component Direction Element Under the Condition of Electrochemical Energy Storage System

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202503049

Abstract

Abstract:

When a fault occurs in the outgoing line of a large-scale battery energy storage system (BESS), the positive-sequence fault component impedance characteristics differ significantly from traditional power sources due to the influence of its low voltage ride-through (LVRT) control strategy. Based on BESS-related technical specifications, this paper categorizes the operational mode transition methods into three types according to BESS charging/discharging modes before and after faults. Furthermore, taking into account the LVRT control strategy of BESS, we derive expressions of the positive-sequence fault component impedance angle under different operational mode transitions, thereby analyzing the impacts of various influencing factors on the impedance angle. Accordingly, the adaptability of positive-sequence fault component directional elements in BESS-integrated scenarios is investigated. Finally, the correctness of theoretical analysis is verified using the Matlab/Simulink simulation platform.

Key words: battery energy storage, control strategy, low voltage ride-through, positive sequence fault component direction element, adaptability analysis, mode switching

CHEN Rui, ZHENG Tao, REN Xiang, SHEN Wentao, ZHANG Lu, QIANG Yuze, LIU Bo, WANG Yuxuan. Adaptability Analysis of Positive Sequence Fault Component Direction Element Under the Condition of Electrochemical Energy Storage System[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(8): 84-93, 138.

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URL: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/EN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202503049

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/EN/Y2025/V58/I8/84

Figures/Tables 13

Fig.1 Grid-connected topology and control strategies of BESS

Table 1 Frequency requirements for electrochemical energy storage systems connected to the p.u.blic grid

频率范围		运行要求
f ＞ 50.2 Hz		不应处于放电状态
49.5 Hz ≤ f ≤ 50.2 Hz		连续运行
f ＜ 49.5 Hz		不应处于充电状态

Table 2 Classification of BESS connection modes in power grid operations

工作模式转换方式	故障前工作状态	故障后频率	故障后工作状态
1	放电	f≤50 Hz	放电
2	充电	49.5≤f≤50 Hz	充电
3	充电	f≤49.5 Hz	放电

Fig.2 Impedance angle of positive-sequence fault component under operating mode transition scheme 1

Fig.3 Impedance angle of positive-sequence fault component under operating mode transition scheme 2

Fig.4 Impedance angle of positive-sequence fault component under operating mode transition scheme 3

Table 3 Parameters of BESS and its connection to AC grid

名称		参数值
额定容量/MW		25
电网额定电压/kV		220
送出线路长度/km		100
单位长度正序阻抗/(Ω·km^–1)		0.01+j0.24
变压器接线接线方式		YNd11
滤波电感/mH		5
滤波电容/μF		25
等效电阻/mΩ		0.5
功率外环k_p		1、100
电流内环k_i		1、100

Fig.5 Impedance angle of positive-sequence fault component measured by protection under operating mode transition scheme 1 ($ \Delta \theta = {0^ \circ } $)

Fig.6 Impedance angle of positive-sequence fault component measured by protection under operating mode transition scheme 2 ($ \Delta \theta = {0^ \circ } $)

Fig.7 Impedance angle of positive-sequence fault component measured by protection under operating mode transition scheme 3 ($ \Delta \theta = {0^ \circ } $)

Fig.8 Impedance angle of positive-sequence fault component measured by protection under operating mode transition scheme 1 (Uf =0.8 p.u.)

Fig.9 Impedance angle of positive-sequence fault component measured by protection under operating mode transition scheme 1 (Uf=0.8 p.u.)

Fig.10 Impedance angle of positive-sequence fault component measured by protection under operating mode transition scheme 1 (Uf=0.8 p.u.)

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