An Optimized Scheme for Active Distribution Network Current Speed Protection Setting Considering Tie Switch Operation

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202402026

Abstract

Abstract:

Active distribution grid with tie switches has a complex grid structure and undergo frequent changes in operation mode, which greatly affects the correct operation of traditional current protection that relies on static grid topology and fixed operation mode. A setting optimization scheme for instantaneous overcurrent protection is proposed, which monitors the switch status information in real-time by the terminal unit, uploads the topology correlation matrix to the master station, and combines the output characteristics of the inverter-type distributed power supply to adaptively adjust the protection settings. The scheme can effectively enhance the adaptability of the protection to the grid topology and the output fluctuation of the inverter-type power supply with low communication pressure. Simulation results show that it can effectively increase the instantaneous overcurrent protection range, reduce the impact of DG output and better adapt to grid topology changes.

Key words: distribution grid, distributed current protection, self-adaptive current protection, control strategy, grid topology reconstruction

Nuo CHENG, Dacai CHEN, Xue CHEN, Xiaofei RUAN, Shuqing WEI, Zheyu HAN. An Optimized Scheme for Active Distribution Network Current Speed Protection Setting Considering Tie Switch Operation[J]. Electric Power, 2024, 57(10): 90-101.

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URL: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/EN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202402026

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/EN/Y2024/V57/I10/90

Figures/Tables 23

Fig.1 Schematic of typical distribution network lines

Fig.2 Grid connected photovoltaic power structure diagram

Fig.3 Equivalent circuit of distributed photovoltaic power supply

Fig.4 Action logic of contact switches after faults

Fig.5 Equivalent circuit of distribution networks

Fig.6 Equivalent circuit for three-phase short circuit at f4 after AB disconnection

Fig.7 Equivalent circuit for two-phase short circuit at f4 after AB disconnection

Fig.8 Equivalent circuit for three-phase short circuit at f4 after AD disconnection

Fig.9 Equivalent circuit for two-phase short circuit at f4 after AD disconnection

Fig.10 Simulation of fault currents through protections 7 and 8 before and after the closure of TS1

Fig.11 Regional Switch Form

Fig.12 Photovoltaic external characteristic curve before and after the fault

Table 1 Values of a and b corresponding to different DG during faults

DG	状态	a	b
${\text{D}}{{\text{G}}_{\text{2}}}$	1	$\dfrac{1}{Z_{\rm DE}}+\dfrac{1}{Z_{\rm s}+Z_{\rm AC}+Z_{\rm CD}}$	$\dfrac{1}{Z_{\rm DE}}+\dfrac{1}{Z_{\rm s}+Z_{\rm AC}+Z_{\rm CD}}$
	2	$\dfrac{1}{Z_{\rm DE}}+\dfrac{1}{Z_{\rm AC}+Z_{\rm CD}}$	$\dfrac{E_{\rm s}}{Z_{\rm AC}+Z_{\rm CD}}$
	3	$\dfrac{1}{Z_{\rm DE}}$	0
${\text{D}}{{\text{G}}_3}$	1	$\dfrac{1}{Z_{\rm DE}}$	$\dfrac{1}{Z_{\rm DE}}+\dfrac{1}{Z_{\rm s}+Z_{\rm AC}+Z_{\rm CD}}$
	2	$\dfrac{1}{Z_{\rm DE}}$	0
	3	$\dfrac{1}{Z_{\rm DE}}+\dfrac{1}{Z_{\rm s}+Z_{\rm AB}}$	$\dfrac{E_{\rm s}}{Z_{\rm AC}+Z_{\rm CD}}$

Fig.13 Equivalent Network of Operating State 1

Fig.14 Equivalent Network of Operating State 2

Fig.15 Equivalent Network of Operating State 3

Fig.16 Optimization process of protection settings considering contact switch closing

Table 2 Calculation and simulation values of fault currents flowing through protection 7 after a three-phase short circuit fault at the end of line D-E

$ I_{{\text{PCC}}}^{\text{*}} $(p.u.)		$ U_{{\text{PCC}}}^{\text{*}} $(p.u.)		I_DG.max 计算值/kA		I₇ 计算值/kA		I_DG.max 仿真值/kA		I₇ 仿真值/kA
2		0.33		1.528		4.43		1.89		4.3

Fig.17 Relationship of fault location and short circuit current

Table 3 Threshold values and protection range of DG2 output fluctuation before and after optimization

DG2出力/MW	保护门槛值/kA	保护范围/%
5	4.512	32
10	5.160	33
15	5.700	31
20	6.120	28
25	6.570	26

Fig.18 Comparison of protection reach before and after be corrected under DG2 output change

Fig.19 Comparison of protection setting before and after be corrected under topology change of distribution network

Fig.20 Comparison of protection reach before and after be corrected under topology change of distribution network

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