An Optimized Scheme for Active Distribution Network Current Speed Protection Setting Considering Tie Switch Operation

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202402026

Abstract

Abstract:

Active distribution grid with tie switches has a complex grid structure and undergo frequent changes in operation mode, which greatly affects the correct operation of traditional current protection that relies on static grid topology and fixed operation mode. A setting optimization scheme for instantaneous overcurrent protection is proposed, which monitors the switch status information in real-time by the terminal unit, uploads the topology correlation matrix to the master station, and combines the output characteristics of the inverter-type distributed power supply to adaptively adjust the protection settings. The scheme can effectively enhance the adaptability of the protection to the grid topology and the output fluctuation of the inverter-type power supply with low communication pressure. Simulation results show that it can effectively increase the instantaneous overcurrent protection range, reduce the impact of DG output and better adapt to grid topology changes.

Key words: distribution grid, distributed current protection, self-adaptive current protection, control strategy, grid topology reconstruction

Nuo CHENG, Dacai CHEN, Xue CHEN, Xiaofei RUAN, Shuqing WEI, Zheyu HAN. An Optimized Scheme for Active Distribution Network Current Speed Protection Setting Considering Tie Switch Operation[J]. Electric Power, 2024, 57(10): 90-101.

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/EN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202402026

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/EN/Y2024/V57/I10/90

Figures/Tables 23

Fig.1 Schematic of typical distribution network lines

Fig.2 Grid connected photovoltaic power structure diagram

Fig.3 Equivalent circuit of distributed photovoltaic power supply

Fig.4 Action logic of contact switches after faults

Fig.5 Equivalent circuit of distribution networks

Fig.6 Equivalent circuit for three-phase short circuit at f4 after AB disconnection

Fig.7 Equivalent circuit for two-phase short circuit at f4 after AB disconnection

Fig.8 Equivalent circuit for three-phase short circuit at f4 after AD disconnection

Fig.9 Equivalent circuit for two-phase short circuit at f4 after AD disconnection

Fig.10 Simulation of fault currents through protections 7 and 8 before and after the closure of TS1

Fig.11 Regional Switch Form

Fig.12 Photovoltaic external characteristic curve before and after the fault

Table 1 Values of a and b corresponding to different DG during faults

DG	状态	a	b
$D G_{2}$	1	$\frac{1}{Z_{D E}} + \frac{1}{Z_{s} + Z_{A C} + Z_{C D}}$	$\frac{1}{Z_{D E}} + \frac{1}{Z_{s} + Z_{A C} + Z_{C D}}$
	2	$\frac{1}{Z_{D E}} + \frac{1}{Z_{A C} + Z_{C D}}$	$\frac{E_{s}}{Z_{A C} + Z_{C D}}$
	3	$\frac{1}{Z_{D E}}$	0
$D G_{3}$	1	$\frac{1}{Z_{D E}}$	$\frac{1}{Z_{D E}} + \frac{1}{Z_{s} + Z_{A C} + Z_{C D}}$
	2	$\frac{1}{Z_{D E}}$	0
	3	$\frac{1}{Z_{D E}} + \frac{1}{Z_{s} + Z_{A B}}$	$\frac{E_{s}}{Z_{A C} + Z_{C D}}$

Table 1 Values of a and b corresponding to different DG during faults

DG	状态	a	b
$D G_{2}$	1	$\frac{1}{Z_{D E}} + \frac{1}{Z_{s} + Z_{A C} + Z_{C D}}$	$\frac{1}{Z_{D E}} + \frac{1}{Z_{s} + Z_{A C} + Z_{C D}}$
	2	$\frac{1}{Z_{D E}} + \frac{1}{Z_{A C} + Z_{C D}}$	$\frac{E_{s}}{Z_{A C} + Z_{C D}}$
	3	$\frac{1}{Z_{D E}}$	0
$D G_{3}$	1	$\frac{1}{Z_{D E}}$	$\frac{1}{Z_{D E}} + \frac{1}{Z_{s} + Z_{A C} + Z_{C D}}$
	2	$\frac{1}{Z_{D E}}$	0
	3	$\frac{1}{Z_{D E}} + \frac{1}{Z_{s} + Z_{A B}}$	$\frac{E_{s}}{Z_{A C} + Z_{C D}}$

Fig.13 Equivalent Network of Operating State 1

Fig.14 Equivalent Network of Operating State 2

Fig.15 Equivalent Network of Operating State 3

Fig.16 Optimization process of protection settings considering contact switch closing

Table 2 Calculation and simulation values of fault currents flowing through protection 7 after a three-phase short circuit fault at the end of line D-E

$I_{PCC}^{*}$ (p.u.)		$U_{PCC}^{*}$ (p.u.)		I_DG.max 计算值/kA		I₇ 计算值/kA		I_DG.max 仿真值/kA		I₇ 仿真值/kA
2		0.33		1.528		4.43		1.89		4.3

Table 2 Calculation and simulation values of fault currents flowing through protection 7 after a three-phase short circuit fault at the end of line D-E

$I_{PCC}^{*}$ (p.u.)		$U_{PCC}^{*}$ (p.u.)		I_DG.max 计算值/kA		I₇ 计算值/kA		I_DG.max 仿真值/kA		I₇ 仿真值/kA
2		0.33		1.528		4.43		1.89		4.3

Fig.17 Relationship of fault location and short circuit current

Table 3 Threshold values and protection range of DG2 output fluctuation before and after optimization

DG2出力/MW	保护门槛值/kA	保护范围/%
5	4.512	32
10	5.160	33
15	5.700	31
20	6.120	28
25	6.570	26

Fig.18 Comparison of protection reach before and after be corrected under DG2 output change

Fig.19 Comparison of protection setting before and after be corrected under topology change of distribution network

Fig.20 Comparison of protection reach before and after be corrected under topology change of distribution network

References 25

1	缪希仁, 赵丹, 刘晓明, 等. 含分布式电源配电网短路保护研究综述[J]. 高电压技术, 2023, 49 (7): 3006- 3019.
	MIAO Xiren, ZHAO Dan, LIU Xiaoming, et al. A research review of short-circuit protection in distribution network with distributed generation[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2023, 49 (7): 3006- 3019.
2	IIES A M, QUETE R D, CORTES A C. A distributed coordination approach for enhancing protection system adaptability in active distribution networks[J]. Energies, 2024, 17 (17): 4338- 4338.
3	贾健飞, 李博通, 孔祥平, 等. 计及逆变型分布式电源输出特性的配电网自适应电流保护研究[J]. 高压电器, 2019, 55 (2): 149- 155.
	JIA Jianfei, LI Botong, KONG Xiangping, et al. Research on adaptive current protection for distribution network considering the output characteristics of inverter-interfaced distributed generator[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2019, 55 (2): 149- 155.
4	李振坤, 赵向阳, 朱兰, 等. 智能配电网故障后自愈能力评估[J]. 电网技术, 2018, 42 (3): 789- 796.
	LI Zhenkun, ZHAO Xiangyang, ZHU Lan, et al. Evaluation of self-healing ability for smart distribution network after failure[J]. Power System Technology, 2018, 42 (3): 789- 796.
5	周宁, 雷响, 荆骁睿, 等. 一种含高渗透率分布式电源配电网自适应过电流保护方案[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2016, 44 (22): 24- 31. DOI
	ZHOU Ning, LEI Xiang, JING Xiaorui, et al. Adaptive over-current protection scheme for distribution network with high penetration rate of DG[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2016, 44 (22): 24- 31. DOI
6	曾德辉, 王钢, 郭敬梅, 等. 含逆变型分布式电源配电网自适应电流速断保护方案[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2017, 41 (12): 86- 92. DOI
	ZENG Dehui, WANG Gang, GUO Jingmei, et al. Adaptive current protection scheme for distribution network with inverter-interfaced distributed generators[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2017, 41 (12): 86- 92. DOI
7	乔一达, 吴红斌, 吴通华, 等. 含逆变型分布式电源的配电网分区域电流保护[J]. 电工技术学报, 2022, 37 (S1): 134- 144.
	QIAO Yida, WU Hongbin, WU Tonghua, et al. A partitioned current protection scheme of distribution network with inverter interfaced distributed generator[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2022, 37 (S1): 134- 144.
8	韦明杰, 王聪博, 余越, 等. 适用高比例分布式光伏接入的配电网多级保护优化配置方案[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2023, 47 (22): 55- 65.
	WEI Mingjie, WANG Congbo, YU Yue, et al. Optimal configuration scheme of multi-staged protection in distribution network for integration of high proportion of distributed photovoltaic[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2023, 47 (22): 55- 65.
9	陈晓龙, 闫若璇, 李永丽, 等. 基于特性参数自适应修正的花瓣式配电网反时限过电流保护方法[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2023, 43 (4): 143- 151.
	CHEN Xiaolong, YAN Ruoxuan, LI Yongli, et al. Parameter adaptive correction based inverse-time overcurrent protection method of petal-shaped distribution network[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2023, 43 (4): 143- 151.
10	黄景光, 丁婧, 郑淑文, 等. 基于电流突变量的自适应过电流保护新原理[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2018, 46 (7): 49- 55. DOI
	HUANG Jingguang, DING Jing, ZHENG Shuwen, et al. A new adaptive over current protection principle based on current mutation[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2018, 46 (7): 49- 55. DOI
11	朱正谊, 徐丙垠, Tony YIP, 等. IEC 61850应用于分布式馈线自动化系统的模型[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2018, 42 (23): 148- 154. DOI
	ZHU Zhengyi, XU Bingyin, YIP T, et al. IEC 61850 based models for distributed feeder automation system[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2018, 42 (23): 148- 154. DOI
12	邹贵彬, 高厚磊, 许春华, 等. 馈线自动化自适应快速保护控制方案[J]. 电网技术, 2013, 37 (10): 2920- 2925.
	ZOU Guibin, GAO Houlei, XU Chunhua, et al. A fast adaptive protection and control scheme for feeder automation[J]. Power System Technology, 2013, 37 (10): 2920- 2925.
13	武岳, 范开俊, 徐丙垠, 等. 计及拓扑结构变化的分布式自适应电流保护方法[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2024, 44 (2): 50- 56, 80.
	WU Yue, FAN Kaijun, XU Bingyin, et al. Distributed self-adaptive current protection method considering topological changes[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2024, 44 (2): 50- 56, 80.
14	SUN L J, LIU H T, JI Y M, et al. Adaptive overcurrent protection scheme for distribution networks with connection of mobile energy storage devices[J]. Energy Reports, 2023, 9, 1077- 1083.
15	汪泽州, 张明明, 钱峰强, 等. 含光伏接入的中压配电网集中调控优化策略[J]. 中国电力, 2023, 56 (2): 15- 22.
	WANG Zezhou, ZHANG Mingming, QIAN Fengqiang, et al. Centralized regulation and optimization strategy for MV distribution network with PV integration[J]. Electric Power, 2023, 56 (2): 15- 22.
16	戴志辉, 李川, 焦彦军. IIDG低压穿越模型及其在配网故障分析中的应用[J]. 电力系统及其自动化学报, 2018, 30 (7): 16- 23.
	DAI Zhihui, LI Chuan, JIAO Yanjun. Low-voltage ride through model of Inverter-interfaced distributed generator and its application to fault analysis of distribution network[J]. Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA, 2018, 30 (7): 16- 23.
17	李振动, 蔡勇, 郭飞, 等. 智能变电站重合闸方案的研究分析[J]. 电气工程学报, 2015, 10 (12): 58- 62. DOI
	LI Zhendong, CAI Yong, GUO Fei, et al. Research on intelligent substation reclosing scheme[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2015, 10 (12): 58- 62. DOI
18	王宗晖, 陈羽, 徐丙垠, 等. 基于逻辑节点的分布式馈线自动化拓扑识别[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2020, 44 (12): 124- 130.
	WANG Zonghui, CHEN Yu, XU Bingyin, et al. Logical node based topology identification of distributed feeder automation[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2020, 44 (12): 124- 130.
19	赵胜举, 么莉, 林济铿, 等. 基于贪婪算法的配网多阶段快速重构新方法[J]. 中国电力, 2022, 55 (6): 33- 41.
	ZHAO Shengju, YAO Li, LIN Jikeng, et al. Fast multi-stage reconfiguration method for distribution system based on greedy algorithm[J]. Electric Power, 2022, 55 (6): 33- 41.
20	金甚达, 宋依群, 范春菊, 等. 考虑逆变电源控制策略的电流保护整定计算[J]. 电网技术, 2021, 45 (9): 3690- 3699.
	JIN Shenda, SONG Yiqun, FAN Chunju, et al. Calculation of current protection setting based on inverter generation control strategy[J]. Power System Technology, 2021, 45 (9): 3690- 3699.
21	刘刚, 朱林, 祁升龙, 等. 基于拓扑结构变化的配电网自适应保护方法[J]. 电力科学与技术学报, 2022, 37 (1): 106- 112.
	LIU Gang, ZHU Lin, QI Shenglong, et al. Adaptive protection method for distribution networks based on the dynamic topology[J]. Journal of Electric Power Science and Technology, 2022, 37 (1): 106- 112.
22	李英量, 王德明, 王康, 等. 高渗透率有源配电网的短路电流计算[J]. 南方电网技术, 2021, 15 (7): 61- 66.
	LI Yingliang, WANG Deming, WANG Kang, et al. Short-circuit current calculation for distribution network with distributed generators considering high penetration level[J]. Southern Power System Technology, 2021, 15 (7): 61- 66.
23	全蕾, 詹红霞, 张勇, 等. 考虑多DG接入的配电网自适应电流主保护方案[J]. 智慧电力, 2021, 49 (8): 63- 69.
	QUAN Lei, ZHAN Hongxia, ZHANG Yong, et al. Adaptive current main protection scheme of distribution network accessed with multiple distributed generations[J]. Smart Power, 2021, 49 (8): 63- 69.
24	刘建伟, 李学斌, 刘晓鸥. 有源配电网中分布式电源接入与储能配置[J]. 发电技术, 2022, 43 (3): 476- 484.
	LIU Jianwei, LI Xuebin, LIU Xiaoou. Distributed power access and energy storage configuration in active distribution network[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2022, 43 (3): 476- 484.
25	袁智勇, 徐全, 徐刚, 等. 含大容量分布式电源接入的配电网电流保护优化方案[J]. 电网技术, 2021, 45 (5): 1862- 1869.
	YUAN Zhiyong, XU Quan, XU Gang, et al. Current protection optimization scheme in distribution network with large capacity distributed generators[J]. Power System Technology, 2021, 45 (5): 1862- 1869.

[1]	Yu ZHANG, Xinchi WEI, Kaihui FENG, Shanshan SHI, Zihan MENG, Yuan LIANG. Charging and Discharging Strategies of Independent Energy Storage for Distribution Grid Side Considering Distributed PV Carrying Capacity [J]. Electric Power, 2024, 57(4): 111-117.
[2]	Mingyuan WAN, Xin REN, Du WANG, Yafei JIN, Zhigang WANG, Tingju WANG, Changhong YANG, Haokun LIU. Study of Dynamic Characteristics of 100 MW Cascade S-CO₂ Cycle [J]. Electric Power, 2024, 57(12): 169-177.
[3]	Zhihui DAI, Meiyuan LIU, Shuqing WEI, Weiping ZHU, Wenzhuo WANG. Distance Protection for Outgoing Line of Photovoltaic Station Based on Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage [J]. Electric Power, 2024, 57(10): 102-114.
[4]	Baocheng FENG, Zhen JIN, Wei HOU, Guangfu XU. Research and Application of Control Strategy Optimization for Regional Standby Automatic Switching System of Petal-Type Distribution Network [J]. Electric Power, 2024, 57(1): 244-254.
[5]	SHI Wenzhe, LI Bingjie, YOU Peipei, ZHANG Ling. Optimization Strategy of Building Energy System Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning [J]. Electric Power, 2023, 56(6): 114-122.
[6]	ZHOU Wenjun, CAO Yi, LI Jie, JIN Tao, CHEN Wenjian, ZHOU Xia. Reactive Voltage Emergency Control Strategy of Wind-Thermal-Bundled DC Transmission System Considering Wind Farm Regulation Margin [J]. Electric Power, 2023, 56(4): 77-87.
[7]	LIU Liantao, LIU Fei, JI Ping, LIN Weifang, ZHANG Xiangcheng, TIAN Xu, GAO Fei. Research on Optimal Control Strategy of Energy Storage for Improving New Energy Consumption [J]. Electric Power, 2023, 56(3): 137-143.
[8]	HE Yanqiang, WANG Ying, CHEN Xiaoqiang, CHEN Jianxiao. Energy Storage Control Strategy of Railway Network Side Considering Characteristic Harmonic Control [J]. Electric Power, 2022, 55(7): 33-41.
[9]	ZHOU Shijia, YANG Guangyuan, PENG Guangqiang, WU Jiyang, XIN Qingming. Fault-Tolerant Control Strategy Based on Multi-Phase Wind Power System [J]. Electric Power, 2022, 55(7): 134-141.
[10]	ZHANG Guozhu, ZHANG Juntai, WEN Yu, YANG Kaixuan, LIU Ming, LIU Jiping. Study on Off-design Condition Characteristics and Control Strategy of Fluegas Waste Heat and Water Recovery System of Coal-Fired Power Plants [J]. Electric Power, 2022, 55(4): 214-220.
[11]	CAO Yaqi, ZHAO Bo, WANG Lijie, LI Xiangjun, GAO Binheng. Research on Operational Benefit Improvement Strategy of Optical Storage Power Station Based on Genetic Ant Colony Algorithm [J]. Electric Power, 2022, 55(2): 9-18.
[12]	YU Yongjun, XU Liguo, LIN Zijie, SUN Binghan, LIU Qiujiang, WU Zhensheng, REN Zhijie. Wide-Band Harmonic Impedance Measurement Device for Wind Grid Based on Cascaded H-Bridge Converter [J]. Electric Power, 2022, 55(11): 73-83.
[13]	LU Jiahao, CHEN Sizhe. Control Strategy for Non Grid Side Converter-based Variable Frequency Transformer under Dual-Side Asymmetrical Conditions [J]. Electric Power, 2021, 54(12): 29-37.
[14]	FU Hongjun, CHEN Huifen, ZHAO Hua, WANG Kaifeng, LU Zongxiang, QIAO Ying. Review on Frequency Regulation Technology with High Wind Power Penetration [J]. Electric Power, 2021, 54(1): 104-115.
[15]	DING Ming, SHI Jianxiong, HAN Pingping, LIN Zihao, ZHANG Yu. An Integrated Control Strategy for Photovoltaic-Energy Storage System Participating in Frequency Regulation and Peak Shaving of Power Grid [J]. Electric Power, 2021, 54(1): 116-123,174.