Adaptability Analysis of Transmission Line Protection under the Control Strategy of Grid-Forming Energy Storage Converter

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202410090

Abstract

Abstract:

Under the dual carbon target, a large number of new energy sources are connected to the power grid, and relay protection is becoming increasingly important as the primary guarantee for the safe and stable operation of the power system. The research on grid type inverter technology mainly focuses on system stability control, fault ride through, and other aspects, with little attention paid to the characteristics of relay protection. In this regard, this article analyzes the adaptability of transmission line protection under the control strategy of grid type energy storage inverters. Firstly, the synchronous control strategy and fault ride-through control strategy of grid-forming converters are analyzed, with equivalent circuits derived for grid-forming converters under different fault ride-through control strategies in the event of faults. Secondly, an evaluation of the operational performance under grid-forming control strategies is conducted. Additionally, an adaptability analysis is performed for each of these protection configurations. Lastly, a transmission line model incorporating a grid-forming energy storage converter is established in Simulink to validate the relevant theories. Based on the adaptability of transmission line protection, corresponding improvement suggestions are proposed.

Key words: transmission line protection, grid-forming converter, adaptability analysis

CLC Number:

TM77

FENG Xiaoping, CHEN Qidi, ZHAO Qingchun, WANG Xing, LI Bin, XIE Hua. Adaptability Analysis of Transmission Line Protection under the Control Strategy of Grid-Forming Energy Storage Converter[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(8): 176-184.

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URL: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/EN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202410090

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/EN/Y2025/V58/I8/176

Figures/Tables 13

Fig.1 Typical control diagram for synchronous operation of grid type inverters

Fig.2 Typical control diagram of virtual impedance current limiting method

Fig.3 Fault equivalent model of grid type converter

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of new energy transmission grid

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of current differential protection operation

Table 1 Operation of Current Differential Protection for Transmission Lines

故障位置	过渡电阻/Ω	动作情况
故障位置	过渡电阻/Ω	AG	BC	BCG	ABC
区内故障（${K_1}$）	0	动作	动作	动作	动作
	60	动作	动作	动作	动作
	110	动作	动作	动作	动作
区外故障（${K_2}$）	0	不动作	不动作	不动作	不动作
	60	不动作	不动作	不动作	不动作
	110	不动作	不动作	不动作	不动作

Fig.6 Discrimination results of components in different directions

Table 2 The action of distance segment I on the converter side of the network during faults outside the area

过渡电阻/Ω	故障类型	测量阻抗相角/(°)	测量阻抗幅值/Ω	动作情况
0.3	AG	58.400	5.934	不动作
	BC	79.450	1.659	误动
	BCG	62.970	8.054	不动作
	ABC	89.590	4.015	误动
6.0	AG	–0.419	31.145	不动作
	BC	–89.640	65.897	不动作
	BCG	46.370	30.195	不动作
	ABC	–52.430	50.124	不动作

Table 3 The action of distance segment I on the converter side of the network during faults inside the area

过渡电阻/Ω	故障类型	测量阻抗相角/（°）	测量阻抗幅值/Ω	动作情况
0	AG	65.9	2.854	动作
	BC	71.1	3.204	动作
	BCG	72.1	3.127	动作
	ABC	71.5	3.054	动作
0.6	AG	47.7	3.704	动作
	BC	–23.1	5.457	不动作
	BCG	60.0	4.397	动作
	ABC	–27.8	4.518	不动作
6.0	AG	10.0	13.947	不动作
	BC	–24.7	51.347	不动作
	BCG	57.1	16.143	不动作
	ABC	59.4	36.174	不动作

Fig.7 The relationship between the zero-sequence current flowing to the main grid side and the fault distance

Fig.8 The relationship between the zero-sequence current flowing towards the grid-forming converter side and the fault distance

Fig.9 Sudden change in phase current difference on both sides of the line

Table 4 The discrimination results of phase selection elements on both sides under different fault conditions

故障类型	构网变流侧	主网侧
AG	AG/ABG	AG
BG	BG/BCG	BG
CG	CG/CAG	CG
AB	AG	AB
BC	BC	BC
AC	AC	AC
ABG	ABG	ABG
BCG	BCG	BCG
CAG	CAG	CAG
ABC	ABC	ABC

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