Longitudinal Protection of Grid-Forming New Energy Outgoing Lines Based on Composite Sequence Current Characteristics

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202410068

Abstract

Abstract:

The access of grid-forming new energy centralized transmission system has significantly changed the fault characteristics of the grid, and the traditional longitudinal protection is prone to sensitivity reduction or even refusal risk when the transmission line fault occurs. Based on this, this paper proposes a new principle of longitudinal protection for transmission lines of grid-forming new energy units based on composite sequence currents. Considering the limiting effect of the grid-forming new energy unit's inherent control strategy on the positive-sequence component and the negative-sequence component during faults, the faults of grid-forming new energy transmission line are classified into symmetrical faults, asymmetrical faults, and centralized transmission faults. The positive sequence component and negative sequence component are used to construct the protection criteria, and the positive sequence mutation is proposed to construct the protection criteria for the centralized transmission fault scenario. On this basis, the three fault characteristics are integrated and the protection criterion based on compound sequence current is constructed to further improve the sensitivity and rapidity of protection. The performance of the proposed new protection principle is verified by constructing a model of new energy centralized transmission system in PSCAD. The simulation results show that it still has high sensitivity even in the case of high resistance grounding.

Key words: grid forming, control strategy, longitudinal protection, positive sequence mutation

YUAN Song, GE Zhao, Tang Jiajie, MEI Jiabao. Longitudinal Protection of Grid-Forming New Energy Outgoing Lines Based on Composite Sequence Current Characteristics[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(8): 185-192.

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URL: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/EN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202410068

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/EN/Y2025/V58/I8/185

Figures/Tables 6

Fig.1 Grid-forming converter control process

Fig.2 Grid-forming new energy set centralized outward transmission system

Fig.3 Grid-side and power-side positive sequence current for symmetrical fault scenarios

Fig.4 Grid-side and power-side negative sequence current for unsymmetrical fault scenarios

Fig.5 Grid-side and power-side positive sequence mutation current for new energy set centralized outward transmission scenarios

Table 1 Fault identification effect of the comprehensive criterion under different fault conditions

故障类型	接地电阻/Ω	系统侧复合电流幅值/A	场站侧复合电流幅值/A	比值
单相接地故障	1 000	2 309.67	498.65	4.63
	3 000	2 234.78	465.23	4.80
	5 000	2 095.28	444.76	4.71
两相故障	一	2 468.98	716.37	3.44
三相故障	一	2 750.63	983.58	2.79
三相接地故障	1 000	2 689.70	893.68	3.01
	3 000	2 555.93	879.65	2.91
	5 000	2 456.03	855.73	2.87

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