Impacts of Diverse Operational Modes and Flexibility of Distributed Energy Systems within Electricity Market

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202501049

Abstract

Abstract:

Improving demand side collaboration capability is one of the key measures to accelerate the construction of new power systems. Unlike traditional resources, the flexibility of distributed resources is limited by the bounded rationality of users and the value transmission mechanism of the retail market. Exploring the interaction modes and flexibility impact mechanism between distributed energy systems and power grids has become a key issue. To this end, based on the user's perspective, we firstly sorted out the typical interaction modes between distributed resources and power systems, and analyzed the selection logic of users' different behavior patterns. Secondly, we analyzed the market transaction models available to resource users under current market mechanisms and their impact mechanism on users' behaviors. It was found that the direct transmission of spot price signals will maximally incentivize strategic behaviors among resource users, while their bounded rationality in decision-making simultaneously introduces operational risks to market stability. To mitigate these compounded effects, we proposed a split electricity volume bidding mechanism for resource users participating in spot markets. Finally, based on the real data of market price signals in a province in China, the rationality of the proposed method and the improved mechanism was demonstrated.

Key words: distributed energy resource, operation mode, flexibility, time-of-use price, electricity spot market

SONG Zhuoran, ZHANG Yanni, WANG Yang, JIANG Haiwei, LI Jiayu, GAO Hongchao. Impacts of Diverse Operational Modes and Flexibility of Distributed Energy Systems within Electricity Market[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(11): 111-121.

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URL: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/EN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202501049

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/EN/Y2025/V58/I11/111

Figures/Tables 10

Fig.1 Schematic of typical DER operational modes

Fig.2 The selection process of DER users' behavior pattern from the perspective of logical judgment

Fig.3 Typical modes and market types of DER users participating in market-oriented transactions

Table 1 Summary of typical models and characteristics of DER users participating in market-oriented transactions

市场化交易方式	分时电价	电力套餐	现货交易
主要参与市场类型（以交易规模分类）	零售市场	零售市场	零售市场/ 批发市场
主要参与市场类型（以交易周期分类）	/	现货市场	现货市场
用户参与方式	直接参与	与售电公司签订合约	直接参与/与聚合商签订合约
价格信号形成机制	政府定价	依据签订合约内容确定	依据市场供需关系形成
价格信号变化周期	季度或更长	周或更长	5 min或更长
用户提升收益方法	在高电价时售卖更多电量	选择合适的套餐类型	依据市场供需关系及时调整策略

Fig.4 Market price signal data of a province in China

Fig.5 Market-oriented electricity trading results of DER users under different market price signals

Fig.6 Typical load curves for different types of users

Fig.7 Economic comparison of users participating in spot market transactions based on split electricity volumes

Fig.8 Comparison of electricity purchasing and selling behaviors of users participating in spot market transactions based on split electricity volumes

Fig.9 Comparison of energy storage charging and discharging behaviors for users participating in spot market transactions based on split electricity volumes

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