Analysis of Three-Part Tariff Mechanism for Cost Pass-Through of Flexibility-Regulated Coal Power Units

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202405001

Abstract

Abstract:

To address the risks to the safe and stable operation of the power grid and the challenges in power balance caused by the high penetration of renewable energy, while promoting the effective consumption of renewable energy and alleviating the peak-valley load disparity, this paper proposed a three-part tariff mechanism based on the functional positioning of coal-fired power units. Firstly, we analyzed the three functions provided by the coal-fired power units under the new power systems, including basic power security, consumption of renewable energy and auxiliary service. Secondly, the cost composition of coal power units was analyzed. Thirdly, a three-part tariff mechanism was constructed based on the values provided by the coal-fired power units, including power value, regulation value and capacity value, and cost pass-through was carried out via diversified routes. Finally, a sensitivity analysis of the cost pass-through of coal-fired power units was conducted under different capacity subsidy ratios and auxiliary service prices. The results show that based on a benchmark coal price of 675 yuan/ton, under the scenario of a 30% coal price increase, the total per-kilowatt-hour costs for coal power would be 42.09 cents/(kW·h), 39.73 cents/(kW·h), and 38.16 cents/(kW·h) respectively when implementing no capacity subsidy, 30% subsidy, and 50% subsidy. Compared with the original coal price scenario, these represent increases of 20.9%, 22.4%, and 23.6% respectively. The proposed three-part tariff mechanism can stimulate the initiative of power units in peak shaving, ensure the power units to provide sufficient standby capacity, and incentivize the power units to participate in the system FM service, thus fully stimulating the vitality of the coal power in the power market.

Key words: flexibility regulation, coal fired power units, cost pass-through, auxiliary service market

WANG Yueping, TAN Qingbo, ZHAO Erdong, TAN Zhongfu, WU Xuehui. Analysis of Three-Part Tariff Mechanism for Cost Pass-Through of Flexibility-Regulated Coal Power Units[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(7): 217-226.

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URL: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/EN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202405001

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/EN/Y2025/V58/I7/217

Figures/Tables 7

References 25

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辅助服务类型	固定成本（增加的设备投资）	变动成本		机会成本
辅助服务类型	固定成本（增加的设备投资）	增加的运行成本	增加的维护成本	机会成本
调频、旋转备用	自动发电控制装置；其他保护、通信和测量装置	增加发电量部分燃料成本；机组频繁调节、运行效率下降而增加的燃料成本	连接部件的磨损在频繁变化工况下加快，导致维护费用的增加和机组寿命的减少	保留部分发电容量而可能减少的发电收入或造成的电量亏损
无功与电压控制	有功和无功同时生产而增加的机组和变压器容量的投资；自动电压调节装置	超过一定功率因数运行时增加的燃料成本	设备因超过一定功率因数运行发热造成的磨损和寿命缩短	超过一定功率因数运行时，因增发无功而损失的有功收入，或为提供无功而造成的有功亏损
黑启动	黑启动电源、通信、控制装置成本	系统瘫痪时机组启动并逐步使系统恢复发生的运行成本，包括燃料费和人工费	定期培训和测试产生的维护成本
调峰	不需要额外增加发电容量，但是存在灵活性改造费用	深度调峰时会偏离经济运行点产生的不经济燃料消耗（煤耗增加或需要投油），启停调峰需付出的机组启停成本	机组磨损导致的维护费用	提供调峰服务而减少的发电收入或造成的电量亏损

辅助服务类型	固定成本（增加的设备投资）	变动成本		机会成本
辅助服务类型	固定成本（增加的设备投资）	增加的运行成本	增加的维护成本	机会成本
调频、旋转备用	自动发电控制装置；其他保护、通信和测量装置	增加发电量部分燃料成本；机组频繁调节、运行效率下降而增加的燃料成本	连接部件的磨损在频繁变化工况下加快，导致维护费用的增加和机组寿命的减少	保留部分发电容量而可能减少的发电收入或造成的电量亏损
无功与电压控制	有功和无功同时生产而增加的机组和变压器容量的投资；自动电压调节装置	超过一定功率因数运行时增加的燃料成本	设备因超过一定功率因数运行发热造成的磨损和寿命缩短	超过一定功率因数运行时，因增发无功而损失的有功收入，或为提供无功而造成的有功亏损
黑启动	黑启动电源、通信、控制装置成本	系统瘫痪时机组启动并逐步使系统恢复发生的运行成本，包括燃料费和人工费	定期培训和测试产生的维护成本
调峰	不需要额外增加发电容量，但是存在灵活性改造费用	深度调峰时会偏离经济运行点产生的不经济燃料消耗（煤耗增加或需要投油），启停调峰需付出的机组启停成本	机组磨损导致的维护费用	提供调峰服务而减少的发电收入或造成的电量亏损

煤价/ (元·t^–1)	容量补贴情况	度电固定成本	度电燃料成本	增值税	环境加价	总度电成本
675.0	无容量补贴	6.949	21.465	3.694	2.7	34.808
	30%补贴	4.864	21.465	3.423	2.7	32.452
	50%补贴	3.475	21.465	3.242	2.7	30.882
877.5	无容量补贴	6.949	27.905	4.531	2.7	42.085
	30%补贴	4.864	27.905	4.260	2.7	39.729
	50%补贴	3.475	27.905	4.079	2.7	38.156

煤价/ (元·t^–1)	容量补贴情况	度电固定成本	度电燃料成本	增值税	环境加价	总度电成本
675.0	无容量补贴	6.949	21.465	3.694	2.7	34.808
	30%补贴	4.864	21.465	3.423	2.7	32.452
	50%补贴	3.475	21.465	3.242	2.7	30.882
877.5	无容量补贴	6.949	27.905	4.531	2.7	42.085
	30%补贴	4.864	27.905	4.260	2.7	39.729
	50%补贴	3.475	27.905	4.079	2.7	38.156

情景	调频里程价格/ (元·MW^–1)	调频容量价格/ (元·(MW·h)^–1)	备用价格/ (元·(MW·h)^–1)
①	6	3.56	10
②	10	3.56	10
③	10	3.56	15
④	10	3.56	15