MMC Based Super Capacitor and Battery Hybrid Energy Storage System and Hybrid Synchronous Control Strategy

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202311047

Abstract

Abstract:

To meet the requirements of energy storage system to provide inertia and primary frequency regulation for centralized configuration and optimal control of multiple energy storage media, an overall hybrid synchronous control (HSC) strategy is proposed for modular multilevel converter (MMC) based hybrid energy storage system (HESS). The modular design method is adopted for MMC-HESS, where the super capacitors (SC) and batteries are placed in the DC bus side and in the sub-module (SM) respectively, which has advantages of high power density and high energy density. The topology and working principle of HESS are analyzed, and the HSC strategy is used to provide system inertia and primary frequency regulation, as well as the synchronization capability and isolation control function for fault current limiting. The filter is employed for distributing power of energy storage, and the state of charge (SOC) balancing control is used for battery energy regulation. Finally, based on the hardware-in-the-loop experimentation platform, the MMC-HESS topology and control strategy proposed in this paper are verified. The experimental results indicate that the proposed HSC-MMC-HESS is able to provide inertia and frequency support capability, and switch flexibly between fault current-limiting, normal grid-connection and island operation, giving a full play to the comprehensive advantages of hybrid energy storage. The application of HSC-MMC-HESS has good prospects in medium-voltage distribution network.

Key words: modular multilevel converter, super capacitor, battery, hybrid energy storage system, hybrid synchronous control, state of charge balancing

Yu CAO, Pengfei HU, Wanqi CAI, Xi WANG, Daozhuo JIANG, Yiqiao LIANG. MMC Based Super Capacitor and Battery Hybrid Energy Storage System and Hybrid Synchronous Control Strategy[J]. Electric Power, 2024, 57(6): 78-89.

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Figures/Tables 20

References 26

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结构	参数			标识	设置
网侧	电压等级/kV			V_base	10
	额定频率/Hz			f₀	50
	额定容量/(MV·A)			S_base	10
	线路电感(p.u.)			L_s	0.2
	线路电阻(p.u.)			R_s	0.002
LC滤波器	串联电感(p.u.)			L_f	0.2
	电感寄生电阻(p.u.)			R_f	0.02
	并联电容(p.u.)			C_f	0.02
	电容寄生电阻(p.u.)			R_Cf	0.1
桥臂结构	单个桥臂子模块级联数			N	8
	桥臂电感/mH			L₀	12
	桥臂电阻/Ω			R₀	0.1
	子模块内部并联电容/mF			C₀	8.4
蓄电池	单个额定电压/kV			V_Br	2.5
	单个额定容量/(A·h)			Q_Br	20
	S_OC初始值/%	A相	上桥臂	S_OCpa	45
		A相	下桥臂	S_OCna	47
		B相	上桥臂	S_OCpb	51
		B相	下桥臂	S_OCnb	49
		C相	上桥臂	S_OCpc	53
		C相	下桥臂	S_OCnc	55
直流侧超级电容	串联电容总值/F			C_SC	1
	工作电压上边界/kV			U_SCmax	11
	工作电压下边界/kV			U_SCmin	1
HSC 功率环	虚拟惯量系数(p.u.)			J	2.5
	阻尼系数(p.u.)			D_p	100
	PLL分量比例系数(p.u.)			K_p	10
电压内环	比例系数(p.u.)			K_pv	0.5
电压内环	积分系数(p.u.)			K_iv	500
电流内环	比例系数(p.u.)			K_pi	1
电流内环	积分系数(p.u.)			K_ii	200
SC功率	高频分量补偿系数(p.u.)			K_H	5
SC功率	低频分量补偿系数(p.u.)			K_L0	0.5
直流电流环	比例系数(p.u.)			K_pDC	0.5
直流电流环	积分系数(p.u.)			K_iDC	100
SOC均衡	相间SOC均衡系数(p.u.)			K_ph	50
	上下桥臂SOC均衡系数(p.u.)			K_arm	40
	环流直流分量限幅(p.u.)			I_{DCcir_lim}	3
	环流交流分量限幅(p.u.)			I_{ACcir_lim}	2
	排序优先级SOC死区/%			D_B	0.1

结构	参数			标识	设置
网侧	电压等级/kV			V_base	10
	额定频率/Hz			f₀	50
	额定容量/(MV·A)			S_base	10
	线路电感(p.u.)			L_s	0.2
	线路电阻(p.u.)			R_s	0.002
LC滤波器	串联电感(p.u.)			L_f	0.2
	电感寄生电阻(p.u.)			R_f	0.02
	并联电容(p.u.)			C_f	0.02
	电容寄生电阻(p.u.)			R_Cf	0.1
桥臂结构	单个桥臂子模块级联数			N	8
	桥臂电感/mH			L₀	12
	桥臂电阻/Ω			R₀	0.1
	子模块内部并联电容/mF			C₀	8.4
蓄电池	单个额定电压/kV			V_Br	2.5
	单个额定容量/(A·h)			Q_Br	20
	S_OC初始值/%	A相	上桥臂	S_OCpa	45
		A相	下桥臂	S_OCna	47
		B相	上桥臂	S_OCpb	51
		B相	下桥臂	S_OCnb	49
		C相	上桥臂	S_OCpc	53
		C相	下桥臂	S_OCnc	55
直流侧超级电容	串联电容总值/F			C_SC	1
	工作电压上边界/kV			U_SCmax	11
	工作电压下边界/kV			U_SCmin	1
HSC 功率环	虚拟惯量系数(p.u.)			J	2.5
	阻尼系数(p.u.)			D_p	100
	PLL分量比例系数(p.u.)			K_p	10
电压内环	比例系数(p.u.)			K_pv	0.5
电压内环	积分系数(p.u.)			K_iv	500
电流内环	比例系数(p.u.)			K_pi	1
电流内环	积分系数(p.u.)			K_ii	200
SC功率	高频分量补偿系数(p.u.)			K_H	5
SC功率	低频分量补偿系数(p.u.)			K_L0	0.5
直流电流环	比例系数(p.u.)			K_pDC	0.5
直流电流环	积分系数(p.u.)			K_iDC	100
SOC均衡	相间SOC均衡系数(p.u.)			K_ph	50
	上下桥臂SOC均衡系数(p.u.)			K_arm	40
	环流直流分量限幅(p.u.)			I_{DCcir_lim}	3
	环流交流分量限幅(p.u.)			I_{ACcir_lim}	2
	排序优先级SOC死区/%			D_B	0.1

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