Thermal Performance Analysis of Novel All-Climate Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Management System Coupled with Heat Pipes and Phase Change Materials

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202401029

Abstract

Abstract:

The battery thermal management system is an essential approach to ensuring the safe and efficient operation of energy storage batteries under different operating conditions. Considering the high latent heat of phase change materials and the superior thermal conductivity of heat pipes, this paper designs a novel lithium-ion battery thermal management system for lithium-ion batteries coupled with heat pipes and phase change materials coupling that can realize the requirements of heat removal and heat preservation under all-climate conditions. The thermal performance of such a battery thermal management system is numerically investigated. Under low-temperature environments, the paper analyzes the influences of insulation material thickness and initial battery temperature on the duration of heat preservation by simulating the battery discharge process and the temperature drop after discharge. In contrast, at normal and high ambient temperatures, it proposes heat removal strategies based on single or coupled measures of phase change materials, heat pipes, and gas/liquid cooling channels for the safe operation of lithium-ion batteries, especially at 0.5C to 2.0C discharge rates. The current work could provide theoretical guidance for the efficient design of a lithium-ion battery thermal management system covering the whole climatic range.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, thermal management, all-climate, phase change material, heat pipe

Huimin XIONG, Yuezhong PENG, Lixue HE, Zhangmao HU, Wei WANG, Hong TIAN. Thermal Performance Analysis of Novel All-Climate Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Management System Coupled with Heat Pipes and Phase Change Materials[J]. Electric Power, 2024, 57(6): 27-36.

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URL: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/EN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202401029

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/EN/Y2024/V57/I6/27

Figures/Tables 13

Fig.1 Structure diagram of designed BTMS

Table 1 Thermophysical properties of PCM, batteries, heat pipes, and insulating materials

材料	密度/(kg·m^–3)	比热/(J·(g·K)^–1)	导热系数/(W·(m·K)^–1)	动力粘度/(Pa·s)	热膨胀系数/K^–1	潜热/(J·kg^–1)	熔化温度/℃
相变材料^[19]	814	1934.00	0.35	0.003875	0.00091	245000	27.2~29.2
电池^[20]	2751	1070.00	1.15（径向）23.34（轴向）
热管	400^[21]	4000.00^[21]	20000
保温材料^[22]	50	1.46	0.025

Fig.2 Grid independence test

Fig.3 Time step sensitivity analysis

Fig.4 Comparison of variation of maximum battery temperature over time

Fig.5 Comparison of maximum battery temperature module, liquid fraction of PCM, and duration of heat preservation under different insulation material thickness

Fig.6 Comparison of maximum battery temperature module and liquid fraction of PCM at different initial temperatures

Fig.7 Maximum battery temperature module and liquid fraction of PCM corresponding to different initial temperatures at 1.0C discharge rate

Table 2 Maximum battery temperature module, liquid fraction of PCM and heat preservation duration under different discharge rates

放电倍率	电池组最高温度/℃	液相率	保温时长/s
0.5C	29.76	0.99	25060
1.0C	31.60	1.00	27830
2.0C	37.52	0.96	26880

Fig.8 Temperature distribution of battery module with 2.0C discharge rate under 25 °C ambient temperature

Fig.9 Variation of maximum battery temperature module and liquid fraction of PCM over time at different discharge rates

Fig.10 Variation of maximum battery temperature and maximum temperature difference with air velocity at different discharge rates

Fig.11 Variation of maximum battery temperature and maximum temperature difference with water velocity at 2.0C discharge rate

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