Two-stage Frequency Regulation Method for Energy Storage Coordinated with Thermal Power Unit Based on Weight Coefficient Correction

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202303041

Abstract

Abstract:

With the large-scale uncertain renewable energy connected to the grid, the frequency characteristics of the power grid are increasingly complex. Plagued by long response times and the inability to accurately track frequency regulation commands, traditional thermal power units call for urgent improvement in the performance of its participation in frequency regulation of automatic generation control (AGC) of thermal power by use of energy storage. Therefore, firstly, the mathematical model of frequency regulation performance index is established according to frequency regulation assessment rules. Besides, considering the output characteristics of the energy storage system, combined with the improved analytic hierarchy process to correct the weight coefficient of the frequency regulation sub index, the first-stage optimization model aiming at the optimal AGC performance is constructed. On this basis, in order to reduce the limit crossing and storage depth charging & discharging cases at the state of charge (SOC), the second-stage optimization model is constructed in order to minimize the SOC deviation. The simulation verification shows that the two-stage frequency regulation method proposed in this paper can improve the frequency regulation performance and benefits of the system of energy storage coordinated with thermal power unit, while reducing the energy storage in-depth charging & discharging cases and working life loss, thus improving the sustainability of frequency regulation auxiliary service of energy storage.

Key words: frequency regulation auxiliary service, energy storage, automatic generation control, improved analytic hierarchy process, two-stage frequency regulation

Yibin WANG, Feixiong CHEN, Zhenguo SHAO, Shuling ZHANG, Weijun ZHANG, Zhicheng LI. Two-stage Frequency Regulation Method for Energy Storage Coordinated with Thermal Power Unit Based on Weight Coefficient Correction[J]. Electric Power, 2024, 57(3): 83-94.

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/EN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202303041

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/EN/Y2024/V57/I3/83

Figures/Tables 12

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of energy storage assisted thermal power in frequency regulation

Fig.2 Typical AGC frequency regulation process

Fig.3 Two-stage frequency regulation optimization process for energy storage coordinated with thermal power unit

Fig.4 Results of frequency regulation optimization in the first stage

Fig.5 Results of frequency regulation optimization of different initial SOCs in the second stage

Table 1 Comparison of frequency regulation effect between the optimization methods of one and two stages

方法	平均综合指标K	SOC偏差	调频收益/万元
一	0.902	471.11	232.09
二	0.905	218.37	232.83

Table 2 The comprehensive weight coefficient of each frequency regulation sub-index

δ₁		δ₂		δ₃
0.1702		0.1401		0.6897

Table 3 Performance and revenue comparison of frequency regulation under different weight setting methods

阶段	K₁	K₂	K₃	K	调频收益/万元
校正前	0.59	0.90	0.56	0.7587	195.73
校正后	0.59	0.83	1.25	0.9046	232.83

Fig.6 Comparison of SOC deviation of energy storage before and after weight coefficient correction

Table 4 Performance of system of energy storage coordinated with thermal power unit under different control strategies

控制策略	调频性能综合指标	调频收益/万元	调频考核不合格次数
满补偿控制	0.6399	157.13	119
分时段控制	0.6314	162.95	2
两阶段调频	0.9046	232.83	0

Fig.7 SOC of energy storage under different control strategies

Table 5 Time proportion of energy storage working area under different control strategies 单位：%

控制策略	SOC预警区工作时间占比	SOC可用区工作时间占比
满补偿控制	73.94	83.32
分时段控制	37.40	99.30
两阶段调频	5.20	100.00

References 25

1	任大伟, 侯金鸣, 肖晋宇, 等. 支撑双碳目标的新型储能发展潜力及路径研究[J]. 中国电力, 2023, 56 (8): 17- 25.
	Ren Dawei, HOU Jinming, XIAO Jinyu, et al. Research on development potential and path of new energy storage supporting carbon peak and carbon neutrality[J]. Electric Power, 2023, 56 (8): 17- 25.
2	赵晶晶, 杜明, 刘帅, 等. 基于模型预测控制的双馈风电机组调频与转子转速恢复策略[J]. 中国电力, 2023, 56 (6): 11- 17.
	ZHAO Jingjing, DU Ming, LIU Shuai, et al. Frequency modulation and rotor speed recovery strategy of doubly-fed induction generator based on model predictive control[J]. Electric Power, 2023, 56 (6): 11- 17.
3	刘櫂芮, 贾祺, 严干贵, 等. 基于惯量响应的双馈风电机组动态协调机理研究[J]. 中国电力, 2022, 55 (7): 142- 151.
	LIU Zhaorui, JIA Qi, YAN Gangui, et al. Dynamic coordination mechanism of DFIGs based on inertia response[J]. Electric Power, 2022, 55 (7): 142- 151.
4	盛举, 贾庆岩, 孙建军, 等. 基于多尺度形态学滤波的火电机组一次调频控制方法[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2022, 42 (2): 194- 200.
	SHENG Ju, JIA Qingyan, SUN Jianjun, et al. Primary frequency regulation control method of thermal power unit based on multi-scale morphological filter[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2022, 42 (2): 194- 200.
5	叶林, 王凯丰, 赖业宁, 等. 低惯量下电力系统频率特性分析及电池储能调频控制策略综述[J]. 电网技术, 2023, 47 (2): 446- 464.
	YE Lin, WANG Kaifeng, LAI Yening, et al. Review of frequency characteristics analysis and battery energy storage frequency regulation control strategies in power system under low inertia level[J]. Power System Technology, 2023, 47 (2): 446- 464.
6	文云峰, 杨伟峰, 林晓煌. 低惯量电力系统频率稳定分析与控制研究综述及展望[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2020, 40 (9): 211- 222.
	WEN Yunfeng, YANG Weifeng, LIN Xiaohuang. Review and prospect of frequency stability analysis and control of low-inertia power systems[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2020, 40 (9): 211- 222.
7	王凯丰, 谢丽蓉, 乔颖, 等. 电池储能提高电力系统调频性能分析[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2022, 46 (1): 174- 181.
	WANG Kaifeng, XIE Lirong, QIAO Ying, et al. Analysis of frequency regulation performance of power system improved by battery energy storage[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2022, 46 (1): 174- 181.
8	谢惠藩, 王超, 刘湃泓, 等. 南方电网储能联合火电调频技术应用[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2021, 45 (4): 172- 179.
	XIE Huifan, WANG Chao, LIU Paihong, et al. Application of joint frequency regulation technology of energy storage and thermal power in China southern power grid[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2021, 45 (4): 172- 179.
9	XIE X R, GUO Y H, WANG B, et al. Improving AGC performance of coal-fueled thermal generators using multi-MW scale BESS: a practical application[J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2018, 9 (3): 1769- 1777. DOI
10	牛阳, 张峰, 张辉, 等. 提升火电机组AGC性能的混合储能优化控制与容量规划[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2016, 40 (10): 38- 45, 83.
	NIU Yang, ZHANG Feng, ZHANG Hui, et al. Optimal control strategy and capacity planning of hybrid energy storage system for improving AGC performance of thermal power units[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2016, 40 (10): 38- 45, 83.
11	李若, 李欣然, 谭庄熙, 等. 考虑储能电池参与二次调频的综合控制策略[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2018, 42 (8): 74- 82.
	LI Ruo, LI Xinran, TAN Zhuangxi, et al. Integrated control strategy considering energy storage battery participating in secondary frequency regulation[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2018, 42 (8): 74- 82.
12	张舒鹏. 电池储能参与调频的控制策略研究[D]. 浙江: 浙江大学, 2021.
	ZHANG Shupeng. Research on control strategies of battery energy storage participating in frequency regulation [D]. Zhejiagn: Zhejiang University, 2021.
13	陈达鹏, 荆朝霞. 美国调频辅助服务市场的调频补偿机制分析[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2017, 41 (18): 1- 9.
	CHEN Dapeng, JING Zhaoxia. Analysis of frequency modulation compensation mechanism in frequency modulation ancillary service market of the United States[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2017, 41 (18): 1- 9.
14	国家能源局福建监管办公室. 《福建省电力调频辅助服务市场交易规则(试行)(2022年修订版)》[EB/OL]. (2022-04-29) [2022-10-26]. http://fjb.nea.gov.cn/news_view.aspx?id=32895.
15	国家能源局华北监管局. 《华北区域电力并网运行管理实施细则(征求意见稿)》[EB/OL]. (2022-07-01) [2022-10-26]. http://hbj.nea.gov.cn/adminContent/initViewContent.do?pk=8301204c-7155-4c00-885d-9970986db8b9.
16	国家能源局华北监管局. 《华北区域电力辅助服务管理实施细则(征求意见稿)》[EB/OL]. (2022-07-01) [2022-10-26]. http://hbj.nea.gov.cn/adminContent/initViewContent.do?pk=8301204c-7155-4c00-885d-9970986db8b9.
17	陈丽娟, 姜宇轩, 汪春. 改善电厂调频性能的储能策略研究和容量配置[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2017, 37 (8): 52- 59.
	CHEN Lijuan, JIANG Yuxuan, WANG Chun. Strategy and capacity of energy storage for improving AGC performance of power plant[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2017, 37 (8): 52- 59.
18	陈雪梅, 陆超, 刘杰, 等. 考虑调频性能考核的储能–机组联合调频控制策略[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2021, 41 (10): 3383- 3391, 3664.
	CHEN Xuemei, LU Chao, LIU Jie, et al. Control strategy considering AGC performance assessment for BESS coordinated with thermal power unit in AGC[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2021, 41 (10): 3383- 3391, 3664.
19	孙冰莹, 刘宗歧, 杨水丽, 等. 补偿度实时优化的储能-火电联合AGC策略[J]. 电网技术, 2018, 42 (2): 426- 436.
	SUN Bingying, LIU Zongqi, YANG Shuili, et al. A real-time optimization method of compensation degree for storage coordinated with thermal power unit in AGC[J]. Power System Technology, 2018, 42 (2): 426- 436.
20	路小俊, 伊建伟, 李炎. 基于多目标网格自适应搜索算法的储能系统参与AGC优化控制策略[J]. 电网技术, 2019, 43 (6): 2116- 2124.
	LU Xiaojun, YI Jianwei, LI Yan. Optimal control strategy of AGC with participation of energy storage system based on multi-objective mesh adaptive direct search algorithm[J]. Power System Technology, 2019, 43 (6): 2116- 2124.
21	于会群, 靳东辉, 彭道刚, 等. 考虑周期损耗的储能-火电联合调频策略[J]. 电力系统及其自动化学报, 2022, 34 (9): 102- 109.
	YU Huiqun, JIN Donghui, PENG Daogang, et al. Energy storage-thermal power joint frequency regulation strategy considering cycle loss[J]. Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA, 2022, 34 (9): 102- 109.
22	李军徽, 侯涛, 严干贵, 等. 计及调频成本和荷电状态恢复的多储能系统调频功率双层优化[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2021, 41 (23): 8020- 8033.
	LI Junhui, HOU Tao, YAN Gangui, et al. Two-layer optimization of frequency modulation power in multi-battery energy storage system considering frequency modulation cost and recovery of state of charge[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2021, 41 (23): 8020- 8033.
23	ZYOUD S H, FUCHS-HANUSCH D. A bibliometric-based survey on AHP and TOPSIS techniques[J]. Expert Systems with Applications, 2017, 78, 158- 181. DOI
24	李欣然, 黄际元, 陈远扬, 等. 基于灵敏度分析的储能电池参与二次调频控制策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2017, 32 (12): 224- 233.
	LI Xinran, HUANG Jiyuan, CHEN Yuanyang, et al. Battery energy storage control strategy in secondary frequency regulation considering its action moment and depth[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2017, 32 (12): 224- 233.
25	ZHANG X S, TAN T, ZHOU B, et al. Adaptive distributed auction-based algorithm for optimal mileage based AGC dispatch with high participation of renewable energy[J]. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2021, 124, 106371.

[1]	DENG Buyuan, YUAN Zhi, LI Ji. Optimized Coordinated Scheduling of Oxy-Fuel Combustion Carbon Capture Combined Heat and Power Plant Considering Hydrogen Energy Storage [J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(4): 159-169.
[2]	Lei ZHANG, Xiaowei MA, Manliang WANG, Li CHEN, Bingtuan GAO. Distributed Collaborative Control Strategy for Intra-regional AGC Units in Interconnected Power System with Renewable Energy [J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(3): 8-19.
[3]	Pai LI, Hui LU, Chi LI, Hongbo DU. Bi-level Capacity Optimization for Battery/Thermal Energy Storage System in Multi-energy Complementary Power Generation System [J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(3): 55-64.
[4]	Yushan LIU, Junru CHEN, Xiqiang CHANG, Muyang LIU. Multi-level Evaluation Index System and Application of Grid-Connected Performance of Grid-Forming Energy Storage Converters [J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(3): 193-203.
[5]	Xianghai XU, Jiayi SHANG, Tianyu ZHAO, Yingfei GONG, Weibin HE, Yachen TANG. Optimization of Energy Storage Profit Considering Carbon Emission Constraints and Market Participation [J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(3): 204-212.
[6]	Jin LI, Kemeng LIU, Danli XU, Weiju GAO, Lei HUANG, Haoxing WU, Haochen HUA. Double-Layer Optimization of External Derivative Response for Multi-Energy Microgrid with Shared Energy Storage Stations [J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(2): 43-56.
[7]	Yening LAI, Zhongqing SUN, Zhiping LU, Qin LIU. Power Grid Optimization Operation and Resilience Improvement Strategy Considering the Participation of Energy Storage Resource Aggregation [J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(2): 57-65.
[8]	Zhibin YAN, Li LI, Peng YANG, Huihui SONG, bin CHE, Panlong JIN. Optimal Scheduling Strategy for Microgrid Considering the Support Capabilities of Grid Forming Energy Storage [J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(2): 103-110.
[9]	Xiaoyan ZOU, Ruihong ZHANG. Evolutionary Game Study of the Cooperation Mode Between Renewable Energy Generation Enterprises and Energy Storage Companies Considering Government Intervention [J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(1): 153-163.
[10]	Yuqing WANG, Min ZHANG, Jiaxing WANG, Bohao LI, Tianyang YANG, Ming ZENG. Rental Price Decision of Shared Energy Storage Capacity Based on Supermodular Game [J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(1): 164-173.
[11]	Xu ZHANG, Chun WANG, Yitao HU, Ruikai CHEN, Kun LIU, Zhidong GUO, Junxun ZHONG. Dual-Layer Optimization of Distribution Transformer Side Energy Storage Configuration and Dispatching for Short-Term Overload and Long-Term Light Load [J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(1): 174-184.
[12]	Guomin QI, Tianye LI, Hong YU, Bolun LU, Baozhong MA, Wenxin ZHANG, Entong WU, Xianyao XIAO. Capacity Allocation and Operation Optimization Model of Household Photovoltaic-Storage System Based on MPC [J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(1): 185-195.
[13]	Wenjin JIANG, Qiaomei LIU, Xiaodong YANG, Dingfei QUE, Yu SHEN, Xianan HUANG, Zhenhua LAI. Optimal Allocation of Offshore Wind Power-Multiple Energy Storage System Considering Gas-Solid Two-Phase Hydrogen Storage Characteristics [J]. Electric Power, 2024, 57(9): 103-112.
[14]	Mingfei GAO, Zhonghe HAN, Bin ZHAO, Peng LI, Di WU. Coordinated Optimization and Operational Strategy for Multi-type Energy Storage in Regional Integrated Energy Systems [J]. Electric Power, 2024, 57(9): 205-216.
[15]	Zhongran YAO, Liying SUN. Balanced Control Strategy of Distributed Energy Storage SOC Considering Line Impedance [J]. Electric Power, 2024, 57(9): 238-246.