西班牙和葡萄牙4·28大停电关键问题分析及经验启示

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202508030

中国电力 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (12): 119-127.DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202508030

• 新型电网 • 上一篇

西班牙和葡萄牙4·28大停电关键问题分析及经验启示

张琛¹(), 葛睿²(), 靳晓凌¹, 宋鹏程², 盛同天², 熊宇威¹, 代贤忠¹, 张幸¹

1. 国网能源研究院有限公司，北京　102209
2. 国家电力调度控制中心，北京　100031

收稿日期:2025-08-18 修回日期:2025-10-21 发布日期:2025-12-27 出版日期:2025-12-28
作者简介:
张琛（1991），男，博士，高级工程师，从事新型电力系统安全治理研究，E-mail：zhangchen1@sgeri.sgcc.com.cn
葛睿（1979），男，通信作者，硕士，从事电网调度运行、电力市场、新能源发电研究，E-mail：ge-rui@sgcc.com.cn
基金资助:
国家社会科学基金重点资助项目（24GLA00929）；国家电网有限公司2025年软科学课题（SGZB0000GDWT2500751）。

Analysis of Key Issues and Implications of the April 28 Great Power Blackout in Spain and Portugal

ZHANG Chen¹(), GE Rui²(), JIN Xiaoling¹, SONG Pengcheng², SHENG Tongtian², XIONG Yuwei¹, DAI Xianzhong¹, ZHANG Xing¹

1. State Grid Energy Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 102209, China
2. National Power Dispatching and Control Center, State Grid Corporation of China, Beijing 100031, China

Received:2025-08-18 Revised:2025-10-21 Online:2025-12-27 Published:2025-12-28
Supported by:
This work is supported by National Social Science Fundation of China (No.24GLA00929), 2025 Soft Science Research Project of SGCC (No.SGZB0000GDWT2500751).

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

2025年4月28日，西班牙、葡萄牙发生全国性大停电，事故前新能源出力占比超过70%，具有鲜明的高比例新能源电力系统特征。此次事故诱因区别于以往外部环境影响、关键设备故障等因素，而是在源网结构、运行特性、稳定机理等方面深刻变化后产生的系统性稳定破坏。通过深入梳理分析西班牙、葡萄牙大停电发生的过程及原因，从防止事故扩大、防范事故发生的角度，深化案例分析并提出高比例新能源系统稳定运行所面临的关键问题。随着新型电力系统加速构建，新能源高比例出力将成为中国电力生产的常态化模式，类似安全风险将长期存在。通过汲取西班牙、葡萄牙大停电经验教训，结合新型电力系统发展现状和趋势，研判中国电网大面积停电的潜在风险，并提出针对性措施建议。

关键词: 新型电力系统, 稳定破坏, 事故分析, 停电

Abstract:

On April 28, 2025, a nationwide power blackout occurred in Spain and Portugal. Prior to the incident, renewable energy output accounted for over 70% of the power generation, highlighting the distinct characteristics of a high-penetration renewable energy power system. Unlike previous blackouts triggered by external environmental factors or critical equipment failures, this incident stemmed from a systemic collapse of stability resulting from profound changes in source-grid structure, operational dynamics, and stability mechanisms. Through an in-depth analysis of the phenomena and causes of the Spain-Portugal blackout, this study deepens the case analysis from the perspectives of preventing accident escalation and recurrence, identifying seven critical challenges for maintaining stability in high-penetration renewable energy systems. As the renewable-energy-dominated power system progressing fast, high-penetration renewable energy output will become the norm in China's power production, implying that similar security risks will persist long-term. Drawing critical lessons from the Spain-Portugal blackout and considering current trends in the new-type power system, this paper assesses four major risks of large-scale blackouts in China's power grid and proposes targeted countermeasures.

Key words: new-type power system, stability collapse, accident analysis, power blackout

张琛, 葛睿, 靳晓凌, 宋鹏程, 盛同天, 熊宇威, 代贤忠, 张幸. 西班牙和葡萄牙4·28大停电关键问题分析及经验启示[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(12): 119-127.

ZHANG Chen, GE Rui, JIN Xiaoling, SONG Pengcheng, SHENG Tongtian, XIONG Yuwei, DAI Xianzhong, ZHANG Xing. Analysis of Key Issues and Implications of the April 28 Great Power Blackout in Spain and Portugal[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(12): 119-127.

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西班牙和葡萄牙4·28大停电关键问题分析及经验启示

Analysis of Key Issues and Implications of the April 28 Great Power Blackout in Spain and Portugal

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