基于主从博弈的电热氢综合能源系统优化运行

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202310058

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对综合能源系统（integrated energy system，IES）中各主体间交互关系复杂、利益冲突显著的问题，提出了基于主从博弈的电热氢综合能源系统优化调度模型。首先，在分析氢能“产消一体化”传输特性的基础上，构建计及氢能全过程充分利用的能源生产商（energy producer，EP）模型；其次，分析EP、负荷聚合商（load aggregator，LA）及能源销售商（energy system operator，ESO）之间的价格信息交互关系，考虑负荷聚合商在需求响应机制下的资源整合效用，建立IES中各利益主体的收益模型；最后，引入“主从博弈”思想，建立以ESO为主导者，采用遗传算法和二次规划相结合的方法，对以EP和LA为跟随者的一主多从Stackelberg博弈模型进行求解。以中国北部某地区的园区IES为例，验证了该模型在促进各主体间利益均衡及共同获利方面的有效性。

关键词: 综合能源系统, 主从博弈, 氢能, 需求响应

Abstract:

The conflict of interest among entities in the integrated energy system (IES) is a challenge about operation decisions. An optimal scheduling model of electric-heat-hydrogen integrated energy system based on Stackelberg game is proposed. Firstly, an energy producer (EP) model is formulated which considers the full utilization of hydrogen energy. Secondly, the interaction of price information among EP, energy system operator (ESO) and load aggregator (LA) is analyzed. Considering the resource integration utility of load aggregators under demand response mechanisms, the payoff model of each entity in IES is established. Finally, a Stackelberg game model with ESO as the dominator, EP and LA as the followers is introduced. Genetic and quadratic programming algorithms (GA-QP) are used to solve the model. Taking a park-level IES in Northern China as an example, the effectiveness of this model in promoting the balance of interests among various entities is verified.

Key words: integrated energy system, Stackelberg game, hydrogen energy, demand response

谭玲玲, 汤伟, 楚冬青, 李竞锐, 张玉敏, 吉兴全. 基于主从博弈的电热氢综合能源系统优化运行[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(9): 136-145.

Lingling TAN, Wei TANG, Dongqing CHU, Jingrui LI, Yumin ZHANG, Xingquan JI. Optimal Dispatching of Electric-Heat-Hydrogen Integrated Energy System Based on Stackelberg Game[J]. Electric Power, 2024, 57(9): 136-145.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202310058

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2024/V57/I9/136

图/表 11

图 1 含氢能的IES架构

Fig.1 Framework of IES containing hydrogen energy

图 2 IES主从博弈流程

Fig.2 Stackelberg game process of IES

表 1 园区IES系统参数

Table 1 Parameters of EP system

参数		数值
燃气发电机容量/kW		500
锅炉容量/kW		800
发电机电效率		0.35
余热回收效率		0.83
热交换器效率		0.80
用户对电能偏好常系数		0.0009, 1.5
用户对热能偏好常系数		0.0011, 1.1

表 2 园区IES经济参数

Table 2 Economic parameters of EP system

参数		数值/(元·(kW·h)^–1)
上网电价		0.35
热价上限		0.50
热价下限		0.15
平均售电电价约束		0.70
平均售热热价约束		0.45
供热中断惩罚系数		2.00

图 3 功率预测曲线

Fig.3 Power prediction curve

图 4 风电和光伏在典型场景下的出力

Fig.4 The output of wind power and photovoltaic in typical scenarios

表 3 各主体收益

Table 3 Benefits of all agents

方案	ESO收益/元	EP收益/元	LA消费者剩余/元
1	9594.5	4968.3	17684.9
2	10042.4	5905.4	18878.1
3	11430.4	6018.8	19886.3

图 5 Stackelberg均衡收敛结果

Fig.5 Convergence process of Stackelberg equilibrium

图 6 ESO优化结果

Fig.6 ESO optimization results

图 7 LA优化结果

Fig.7 LA optimization results

图 8 EP优化结果

Fig.8 EP optimization results

参考文献 29

1	吉兴全, 刘健, 张玉敏, 等. 计及运行灵活性约束的综合能源系统优化调度[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2022, 46 (16): 84- 94.
	JI Xingquan, LIU Jian, ZHANG Yumin, et al. Optimal dispatching of integrated energy system considering operation flexibility constraints[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2022, 46 (16): 84- 94.
2	田福银, 马骏, 王灿, 等. 基于双层主从博弈的综合能源系统多主体低碳经济运行策略[J]. 中国电力, 2022, 55 (11): 184- 193.
	TIAN Fuyin, MA Jun, WANG Can, et al. Multi-agent low-carbon and economy operation strategy of integrated energy system based on Bi-level master-slave game[J]. Electric Power, 2022, 55 (11): 184- 193.
3	张玉敏, 孙鹏凯, 吉兴全, 等. 基于并行多维近似动态规划的综合能源系统动态经济调度[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2023, 47 (4): 60- 68.
	ZHANG Yumin, SUN Pengkai, JI Xingquan, et al. Dynamic economic dispatch for integrated energy system based on parallel multi-dimensional approximate dynamic programming[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2023, 47 (4): 60- 68.
4	YU Y X, HAN X S, YANG M, et al. Probabilistic prediction of regional wind power based on spatiotemporal quantile regression[C]//2019 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting. Baltimore, MD, USA. IEEE, 2019: 1–16.
5	董帅, 王成福, 徐士杰, 等. 计及网络动态特性的电—气—热综合能源系统日前优化调度[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2018, 42 (13): 12- 19. DOI
	DONG Shuai, WANG Chengfu, XU Shijie, et al. Day-ahead optimal scheduling of electricity-gas-heat integrated energy system considering dynamic characteristics of networks[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2018, 42 (13): 12- 19. DOI
6	LI Y, WANG C L, LI G Q, et al. Improving operational flexibility of integrated energy system with uncertain renewable generations considering thermal inertia of buildings[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2020, 207, 112526. DOI
7	鲁鹏, 冯春贤, 武伟鸣, 等. 园区能源供需价量双层Stackelberg博弈模型[J]. 中国电力, 2022, 55 (6): 74- 79.
	LU Peng, FENG Chunxian, WU Weiming, et al. Two-layer stackelberg game model for energy supply and demand in the park[J]. Electric Power, 2022, 55 (6): 74- 79.
8	LI J R, LIN J, SONG Y H, et al. Operation optimization of power to hydrogen and heat (P2HH) in ADN coordinated with the district heating network[J]. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2019, 10 (4): 1672- 1683. DOI
9	DONG Z Y, YANG J J, YU L, et al. A green hydrogen credit framework for international green hydrogen trading towards a carbon neutral future[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2022, 47 (2): 728- 734. DOI
10	GORRE J, RUOSS F, KARJUNEN H, et al. Cost benefits of optimizing hydrogen storage and methanation capacities for Power-to-Gas plants in dynamic operation[J]. Applied Energy, 2020, 257, 113967. DOI
11	初壮, 赵蕾, 孙健浩, 等. 考虑热能动态平衡的含氢储能的综合能源系统热电优化[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2023, 51 (3): 1- 12.
	CHU Zhuang, ZHAO Lei, SUN Jianhao, et al. Thermoelectric optimization of an integrated energy system with hydrogen energy storage considering thermal energy dynamic balance[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2023, 51 (3): 1- 12.
12	WANG X J, LI B K, WANG Y W, et al. A bargaining game-based profit allocation method for the wind-hydrogen-storage combined system[J]. Applied Energy, 2022, 310, 118472. DOI
13	LI G Q, ZHANG R F, JIANG T, et al. Security-constrained bi-level economic dispatch model for integrated natural gas and electricity systems considering wind power and power-to-gas process[J]. Applied Energy, 2017, 194, 696- 704. DOI
14	KOTZUR L, MARKEWITZ P, ROBINIUS M, et al. Time series aggregation for energy system design: modeling seasonal storage[J]. Applied Energy, 2018, 213, 123- 135. DOI
15	YANG J J, LIU H Y, WANG Y X, et al. Key index framework for quantitative sustainability assessment of energy infrastructures in a smart city: an example of Western Sydney[J]. Energy Conversion and Economics, 2020, 1 (3): 221- 237. DOI
16	李睿智, 刘念, 延肖何. 基于势博弈的综合能源系统用户能量管理优化方法[J]. 电力科学与技术学报, 2021, 36 (1): 21- 31. DOI
	LI Ruizhi, LIU Nian, YAN Xiaohe. An optimization method for user energy management of integrated energy system based on potential game[J]. Journal of Electric Power Science and Technology, 2021, 36 (1): 21- 31. DOI
17	李振坤, 刘乾, 郭维一, 等. 计及用户用能行为的综合能源微网运营商与负荷聚合商主从博弈策略[J]. 南方电网技术, 2022, 16 (8): 35- 46.
	LI Zhenkun, LIU Qian, GUO Weiyi, et al. Stackelberg game strategy between integrated energy microgrid operators and load aggregators considering users energy consumption behavior[J]. Southern Power System Technology, 2022, 16 (8): 35- 46.
18	MAHARJAN S, ZHU Q Y, ZHANG Y, et al. Dependable demand response management in the smart grid: a stackelberg game approach[J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2013, 4 (1): 120- 132. DOI
19	李鹏, 吴迪凡, 李雨薇, 等. 基于综合需求响应和主从博弈的多微网综合能源系统优化调度策略[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2021, 41 (4): 1307- 1321, 1538. DOI
	LI Peng, WU Difan, LI Yuwei, et al. Optimal dispatch of multi-microgrids integrated energy system based on integrated demand response and stackelberg game[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2021, 41 (4): 1307- 1321, 1538. DOI
20	LIU N, HE L, YU X H, et al. Multiparty energy management for grid-connected microgrids with heat- and electricity-coupled demand response[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2018, 14 (5): 1887- 1897. DOI
21	李雪, 季寒松, 张儒峰, 等. 计及多类型微网响应特性的城市配电系统分布式优化调度[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2022, 46 (17): 74- 82.
	LI Xue, JI Hansong, ZHANG Rufeng, et al. Distributed optimal scheduling of urban distribution system considering response characteristics of multi-type microgrids[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2022, 46 (17): 74- 82.
22	王鹏飞, 李世民, 张磊, 等. 基于合作博弈的风-光-综合能源系统多主体协同运行策略[J]. 智慧电力, 2023, 51 (9): 52- 59.
	WANG Pengfei, LI Shimin, ZHANG Lei, et al. Multi-agent cooperative operation strategy of wind-photovoltaic-integrated energy system based on cooperative game[J]. Smart Power, 2023, 51 (9): 52- 59.
23	LI Z, XU Y, WANG P, et al. Restoration of a multi-energy distribution system with joint district network reconfiguration via distributed stochastic programming[J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2024, 15 (3): 2667- 2680.
24	张笑演, 王橹裕, 黄蕾, 等. 考虑扩展碳排放流和碳交易议价模型的园区综合能源优化调度[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2023, 47 (9): 34- 46.
	ZHANG Xiaoyan, WANG Luyu, HUANG Lei, et al. Optimal dispatching of park-level integrated energy system considering augmented carbon emission flow and carbon trading bargain model[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2023, 47 (9): 34- 46.
25	付文杰, 王喻玺, 申洪涛, 等. 基于拉丁超立方抽样和场景消减的居民用户基线负荷估计方法[J]. 电网技术, 2022, 46 (6): 2298- 2307.
	FU Wenjie, WANG Yuxi, SHEN Hongtao, et al. Residential customer baseline load estimation based on Latin hypercube sampling and scenario subtraction[J]. Power System Technology, 2022, 46 (6): 2298- 2307.
26	陈锦鹏, 胡志坚, 陈颖光, 等. 考虑阶梯式碳交易机制与电制氢的综合能源系统热电优化[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2021, 41 (9): 48- 55.
	CHEN Jinpeng, HU Zhijian, CHEN Yingguang, et al. Thermoelectric optimization of integrated energy system considering ladder-type carbon trading mechanism and electric hydrogen production[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2021, 41 (9): 48- 55.
27	郝然, 艾芊, 姜子卿. 区域综合能源系统多主体非完全信息下的双层博弈策略[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2018, 42 (4): 194- 201.
	HAO Ran, AI Qian, JIANG Ziqing. Bi-level game strategy for multi-agent with incomplete information in regional integrated energy system[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2018, 42 (4): 194- 201.
28	WEI F, JING Z X, WU P Z, et al. A Stackelberg game approach for multiple energies trading in integrated energy systems[J]. Applied Energy, 2017, 200, 315- 329.
29	唐文虎, 张银, 钱瞳. 考虑配电网络重构和楼宇群主动需求响应的集成楼宇群配电网优化控制[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2023, 43 (8): 2966- 2979.
	TANG Wenhu, ZHANG Yin, QIAN Tong. Optimal control of buildings-to-distribution-network integration system considering reconfiguration of distribution network and active demand response of buildings[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2023, 43 (8): 2966- 2979.

[1]	周建华, 梁昌誉, 史林军, 李杨, 易文飞. 计及阶梯式碳交易机制的综合能源系统优化调度[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(2): 77-87.
[2]	张玉敏, 尹延宾, 吉兴全, 叶平峰, 孙东磊, 宋爱全. 计及热网不同运行状态下灵活性供给能力的综合能源系统优化调度[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(2): 88-102.
[3]	许文俊, 马刚, 姚云婷, 孟宇翔, 李伟康. 考虑绿证-碳交易机制与混氢天然气的工业园区多能优化调度[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(2): 154-163.
[4]	胡景成, 范耘豪, 朱同, 陈珍萍. 基于同态加密的综合能源系统完全分布式低碳经济调度[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(2): 164-175.
[5]	陆海, 张浩, 陈晓云, 周苏洋. 基于双层博弈的多能源网络协同规划方法[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(1): 93-99.
[6]	鲁玲, 苑涛, 杨波, 李欣, 鲁洋, 蒲秋平, 张鑫. 计及㶲效率和多重不确定性的区域综合能源系统双层优化[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(1): 128-140.
[7]	高明非, 韩中合, 赵斌, 李鹏, 吴迪. 区域综合能源系统多类型储能协同优化与运行策略[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(9): 205-216.
[8]	邱洁, 梁财豪, 朱永强, 夏瑞华. 考虑氢能储运特性的配电网集群划分与氢能系统选址定容策略[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(8): 12-22.
[9]	王辉, 周珂锐, 吴作辉, 邹智超, 李欣. 含电转气和碳捕集耦合的综合能源系统多时间尺度优化调度[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(8): 214-226.
[10]	齐彩娟, 陈宝生, 韦冬妮, 杨钊. 考虑主从博弈定价模式的共享储能分布鲁棒优化配置方法研究[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(7): 40-53.
[11]	胡旭, 安锐坚, 杜宇晨, 施啸寒, 王越. 欧洲—北非氢能协同发展研究[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(7): 151-162.
[12]	景巍巍, 王强, 程好, 王博, 岳付昌, 王沉, 王文学. 电热综合能源系统稳态与区间潮流计算快速解耦新方法[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(7): 203-213.
[13]	苏娟, 李拓, 刘峻玮, 夏越, 杜松怀. 综合能源系统下虚拟储能建模方法与应用场景研究综述及展望[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(6): 53-68.
[14]	徐峰亮, 王克谦, 王文豪, 王鹏, 王文烨, 张帅, 赵凤展. 计及激励型需求响应的低压配电网混合储能优化配置[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(6): 90-101.
[15]	陈兴龙, 曹喜民, 陈洁, 刘俊, 张育超, 包洪印. 绿证-碳交易机制下热电灵活响应的园区综合能源系统优化调度[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(6): 110-120.