计及联络开关投切的有源配网电流速断保护定值优化方案

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202402026

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

含联络开关的有源配电网网架结构复杂、运行方式变换频繁，给依赖于静态网络拓扑和固定运行方式的传统电流保护正确动作带来很大影响。对此，提出了一种电流速断保护定值优化方案，由配电终端实时监测开关量信息，上传主站获取拓扑关联矩阵，并结合光伏电源输出特性，自适应调整保护定值。该方案可以在考虑逆变型电源出力波动性的前提下，有效增强保护应对不同网络拓扑变化的能力，通信压力小。仿真结果表明：所提方案能有效增加I段保护范围，受分布式发电（distributed generator，DG）出力影响小，可以适应配网拓扑结构变化。

关键词: 配电网, 分布式电流保护, 自适应电流保护, 控制策略, 网络重构

Abstract:

Active distribution grid with tie switches has a complex grid structure and undergo frequent changes in operation mode, which greatly affects the correct operation of traditional current protection that relies on static grid topology and fixed operation mode. A setting optimization scheme for instantaneous overcurrent protection is proposed, which monitors the switch status information in real-time by the terminal unit, uploads the topology correlation matrix to the master station, and combines the output characteristics of the inverter-type distributed power supply to adaptively adjust the protection settings. The scheme can effectively enhance the adaptability of the protection to the grid topology and the output fluctuation of the inverter-type power supply with low communication pressure. Simulation results show that it can effectively increase the instantaneous overcurrent protection range, reduce the impact of DG output and better adapt to grid topology changes.

Key words: distribution grid, distributed current protection, self-adaptive current protection, control strategy, grid topology reconstruction

程诺, 陈大才, 陈雪, 阮筱菲, 韦舒清, 韩哲宇. 计及联络开关投切的有源配网电流速断保护定值优化方案[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(10): 90-101.

Nuo CHENG, Dacai CHEN, Xue CHEN, Xiaofei RUAN, Shuqing WEI, Zheyu HAN. An Optimized Scheme for Active Distribution Network Current Speed Protection Setting Considering Tie Switch Operation[J]. Electric Power, 2024, 57(10): 90-101.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202402026

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2024/V57/I10/90

图/表 23

图 1 典型配电网线路示意

Fig.1 Schematic of typical distribution network lines

图 2 光伏电源并网发电结构

Fig.2 Grid connected photovoltaic power structure diagram

图 3 分布式光伏电源等效电路

Fig.3 Equivalent circuit of distributed photovoltaic power supply

图 4 故障后联络开关动作逻辑

Fig.4 Action logic of contact switches after faults

图 5 配电网等效电路

Fig.5 Equivalent circuit of distribution networks

图 6 AB断开后f4发生三相短路等效电路

Fig.6 Equivalent circuit for three-phase short circuit at f4 after AB disconnection

图 7 AB断开后f4发生两相短路等效电路

Fig.7 Equivalent circuit for two-phase short circuit at f4 after AB disconnection

图 8 AD断开后f4发生三相短路等效电路

Fig.8 Equivalent circuit for three-phase short circuit at f4 after AD disconnection

图 9 AD断开后f4发生两相短路等效电路

Fig.9 Equivalent circuit for two-phase short circuit at f4 after AD disconnection

图 10 TS1闭合前后流过保护7、8故障电流仿真

Fig.10 Simulation of fault currents through protections 7 and 8 before and after the closure of TS1

图 11 区域开关形态

Fig.11 Regional Switch Form

图 12 故障前后光伏外特性曲线

Fig.12 Photovoltaic external characteristic curve before and after the fault

表 1 故障时不同DG对应a、b的取值

Table 1 Values of a and b corresponding to different DG during faults

DG	状态	a	b
${\text{D}}{{\text{G}}_{\text{2}}}$	1	$\dfrac{1}{Z_{\rm DE}}+\dfrac{1}{Z_{\rm s}+Z_{\rm AC}+Z_{\rm CD}}$	$\dfrac{1}{Z_{\rm DE}}+\dfrac{1}{Z_{\rm s}+Z_{\rm AC}+Z_{\rm CD}}$
	2	$\dfrac{1}{Z_{\rm DE}}+\dfrac{1}{Z_{\rm AC}+Z_{\rm CD}}$	$\dfrac{E_{\rm s}}{Z_{\rm AC}+Z_{\rm CD}}$
	3	$\dfrac{1}{Z_{\rm DE}}$	0
${\text{D}}{{\text{G}}_3}$	1	$\dfrac{1}{Z_{\rm DE}}$	$\dfrac{1}{Z_{\rm DE}}+\dfrac{1}{Z_{\rm s}+Z_{\rm AC}+Z_{\rm CD}}$
	2	$\dfrac{1}{Z_{\rm DE}}$	0
	3	$\dfrac{1}{Z_{\rm DE}}+\dfrac{1}{Z_{\rm s}+Z_{\rm AB}}$	$\dfrac{E_{\rm s}}{Z_{\rm AC}+Z_{\rm CD}}$

图 13 运行状态1等效网络

Fig.13 Equivalent Network of Operating State 1

图 14 运行状态2等效网络

Fig.14 Equivalent Network of Operating State 2

图 15 运行状态3等效网络

Fig.15 Equivalent Network of Operating State 3

图 16 计及联络开关投入的电流保护定值优化流程

Fig.16 Optimization process of protection settings considering contact switch closing

表 2 线路D-E末端发生三相短路流过保护7故障电流计算值与仿真值

Table 2 Calculation and simulation values of fault currents flowing through protection 7 after a three-phase short circuit fault at the end of line D-E

$ I_{{\text{PCC}}}^{\text{*}} $(p.u.)		$ U_{{\text{PCC}}}^{\text{*}} $(p.u.)		I_DG.max 计算值/kA		I₇ 计算值/kA		I_DG.max 仿真值/kA		I₇ 仿真值/kA
2		0.33		1.528		4.43		1.89		4.3

图 17 故障点位置与短路电流关系

Fig.17 Relationship of fault location and short circuit current

表 3 优化方案下DG2出力波动前后保护门槛值与保护范围

Table 3 Threshold values and protection range of DG2 output fluctuation before and after optimization

DG2出力/MW	保护门槛值/kA	保护范围/%
5	4.512	32
10	5.160	33
15	5.700	31
20	6.120	28
25	6.570	26

图 18 DG2出力波动保护范围修正前后对比

Fig.18 Comparison of protection reach before and after be corrected under DG2 output change

图 19 配电网结构变化后保护定值修正前后对比

Fig.19 Comparison of protection setting before and after be corrected under topology change of distribution network

图 20 配电网结构变化后保护范围修正前后对比

Fig.20 Comparison of protection reach before and after be corrected under topology change of distribution network

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