计及多种分布式能源的多端直流配电网故障电流计算方法

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202508038

中国电力 ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (1): 84-96.DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202508038

• 能源电力数据要素与人工智能应用 • 上一篇下一篇

计及多种分布式能源的多端直流配电网故障电流计算方法

贾东梨¹(), 任昭颖¹, 刘科研¹, 叶学顺¹, 李跃涛², 徐利梅²()

1. 中国电力科学研究院有限公司，北京　100192
2. 西南民族大学电气工程学院，四川成都　610225

收稿日期:2025-08-20 修回日期:2025-12-05 发布日期:2026-01-13 出版日期:2026-01-28
作者简介:
贾东梨（1982），女，硕士，高级工程师（教授级），从事配电网运行分析研究，E-mail：230774002033@stu.swun.edu.cn
徐利梅（1979），女，通信作者，讲师，从事配电网故障诊断和优化控制、电力电子变换器建模分析与控制技术研究，E-mail：21500053@swun.edu.cn
基金资助:
四川省自然科学基金资助项目（2022NSFSC1913）；国家电网公司科技项目（5108-202218280A-2-370-XG）。

Fault current calculation method for multi-terminal DC distribution networks considering multiple distributed generation

JIA Dongli¹(), REN Zhaoying¹, LIU Keyan¹, YE Xueshun¹, LI Yuetao², XU Limei²()

1. China Electric Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
2. Department of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China

Received:2025-08-20 Revised:2025-12-05 Online:2026-01-13 Published:2026-01-28
Supported by:
This work is supported by Sichuan Provincial Natural Science Foundation (No.2022NSFSC1913); Science and Technology Project of SGCC (No.5108-202218280A-2-370-XG).

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

直流配电网短路故障电流将在极短时间内上升至正常运行电流的数倍，对系统保护与安全运行构成严峻挑战。直流配电网中含有多种分布式能源，其并网变流器多样、耦合关系复杂，导致故障特性分析与故障电流计算困难，不利于保护策略设计。为此，提出含多种分布式能源的直流配电网故障电流计算模型。首先，建立电压源型变流器（voltage source converter，VSC）的故障等效回路，并分析分布式光伏Boost变换器、分布式风电机侧变流器（modular multilevel converter，MSC）、储能双有源桥变流器（dual active bridge，DAB）与VSC耦合运行下故障响应特性，建立多场景故障等效回路。其次，从故障电流多阶段暂态响应过程出发，建立故障前初始稳态阶段、直流母线放电阶段、二极管续流阶段与故障后稳态阶段的故障电流计算模型。然后，基于所建多阶段故障电流计算模型，分析影响故障峰值电流的关键因素。最后，以含多分布式能源的多端直流配电网为例，将理论计算结果与Matlab/Simulink仿真结果对比，验证所提模型的准确性。

关键词: 多端直流配电网, 分布式能源, 故障等效回路, 故障电流计算, 峰值电流

Abstract:

In DC distribution networks, short-circuit faults can cause the current to rise to several times the normal operating level in an extremely short period, posing severe challenges to system protection and safe operation. The presence of multiple distributed generators (DGs) in DC distribution networks and the diversity of their grid-connected converters as well as the complex coupling relationships make it difficult to analyze fault characteristics and accurately calculate fault currents, which is unfavorable to the design of protection strategies. To address this issue, this paper proposes a fault current calculation model for DC distribution networks with multiple DGs. First, a fault equivalent circuit of the voltage source converter (VSC) is established, and the fault response characteristics of PV Boost converters, distributed wind power machine-side converters (MSC), energy storage dual active bridge (DAB) converters and VSCs are analyzed to construct multi-scenario fault equivalent circuits. Second, proceeding from the multi-stage transient response process of fault current, a fault current calculation model is built, covering the initial steady-state stage before fault, DC bus discharge stage, diode freewheeling stage and steady-state stage after fault. Then, based on the established multi-stage fault current calculation model, the key factors affecting the peak fault current are analyzed. Finally, taking a multi-terminal DC distribution network with multiple DGs as an example, the theoretical calculation results are compared with the Matlab/Simulink simulation results to verify the accuracy of the proposed model.

Key words: multi-terminal DC distribution network, distributed generation, fault equivalent circuit, fault current calculation, peak current

贾东梨, 任昭颖, 刘科研, 叶学顺, 李跃涛, 徐利梅. 计及多种分布式能源的多端直流配电网故障电流计算方法[J]. 中国电力, 2026, 59(1): 84-96.

JIA Dongli, REN Zhaoying, LIU Keyan, YE Xueshun, LI Yuetao, XU Limei. Fault current calculation method for multi-terminal DC distribution networks considering multiple distributed generation[J]. Electric Power, 2026, 59(1): 84-96.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202508038

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2026/V59/I1/84

图/表 15

图 1 VSC单极接地故障等效电路

Fig.1 Equivalent circuit of VSC under monopole ground fault

图 2 VSC单极接地故障单相等效电路

Fig.2 Single-phase equivalent of VSC under ground fault

图 3 分布式光伏双极短路故障等效电路

Fig.3 Equivalent circuit of PV under bipole short-circuit fault

图 4 分布式风电双极短路故障等效电路

Fig.4 Equivalent circuit of distributed WT under bipole short-circuit fault

图 5 储能双极短路故障等效电路

Fig.5 Equivalent circuit of energy storage under bipole short-circuit fault

图 6 含多种分布式能源的直流配电网拓扑结构

Fig.6 Topology of DC distribution networks with multiple DGs

表 1 直流配电网仿真参数

Table 1 DC distribution network simulation parameters

参数	数值
直流电压/kV	0.75
直流线路长度/km	1.7
直流线路单位长度电感/(mH·km^–1)	0.9
直流线路单位长度电阻/(mΩ·km^–1)	121
光伏Boost变换器开关频率f_PV/kHz	15
储能DAB变换器开关频率f_ES/kHz	10
VSC换流器开关频率f_VSC/kHz	10
直流负载开关频率f_DC/kHz	5
变流器额定有功功率/kW	300

图 7 DAB变流器输出直流电容放电电流

Fig.7 DC capacitor discharge current of DAB converter

图 8 VSC输出电流

Fig.8 Output current of VSC

图 9 短路故障电流

Fig.9 Short-circuit fault current

图 10 不同过渡电阻下DAB变流器输出直流电容放电电流

Fig.10 DC capacitor discharge current of DAB converter under different transition resistances

图 11 不同过渡电阻下VSC输出电流

Fig.11 VSC output current under different transition resistances

图 12 不同过渡电阻下短路故障电流

Fig.12 Short-circuit fault current under different transition resistances

图 13 故障电流峰值

Fig.13 Peak fault current

图 14 故障峰值电流上升时间

Fig.14 Rise time of peak fault current

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计及多种分布式能源的多端直流配电网故障电流计算方法

Fault current calculation method for multi-terminal DC distribution networks considering multiple distributed generation

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计及多种分布式能源的多端直流配电网故障电流计算方法

Fault current calculation method for multi-terminal DC distribution networks considering multiple distributed generation

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