Table of Content

28 March 2025, Volume 58 Issue 3

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Special Contribution

Overall Framework and Function Design of Quantified Gaming Method for New Power System Forms

Jian LI, Jun ZHANG, Xinyang HAN, Xiaoling JIN

2025, 58(3):  1-7, 97.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202411029

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The research on the form gaming of new power system is essential for advanced judgment of China's energy and power development, and significant for overall layout of all elements of source-network-load-storage. This paper studies the quantitative gaming method of the new power system forms, proposes an overall framework, and designs its main functions. Firstly, the development logic of new power system is introduced, and the main boosting forces of the new power system form are identified, which include model innovation, technological innovation and mechanism innovation. And the boosting effects of the aforementioned three innovations are analyzed respectively. On this basis, the whole calculation process of the new power system form gaming is put forward, which mainly consists of three parts including boosting force analysis, form analysis and synthetic evaluation. By this calculation, the new power system form gaming and policy mechanism suggestion analysis are achieved. Secondly, the new power system form gaming analysis is detailed according to five elements: power source, transmission network, distribution network, load and energy storage, and the functions of each element form gaming analysis is designed. Finally, the synthetic evaluation function of the new power system form is designed from four dimensions of green, security, economy and people's livelihood. The research results can guide the design and development of modeling tools related to the new power system form analysis, and provide solid support for the quantitative gaming research on the new power systems.

Coordinated Control and Optimal Operation of High Proportion of New Energy Integrating Power Grid

Distributed Collaborative Control Strategy for Intra-regional AGC Units in Interconnected Power System with Renewable Energy

Lei ZHANG, Xiaowei MA, Manliang WANG, Li CHEN, Bingtuan GAO

2025, 58(3):  8-19.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202405101

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In the regional power grid where a large number of renewable energy stations are equipped with automatic generation control (AGC) functionality, the response characteristics of different frequency regulation units vary significantly, which may aggravate the computation load of the centralized controller and affect the frequency control performance of the regional power system. In response to the above challenges, a collaborative control strategy for intra-regional AGC units in interconnected power system based on unit dynamic model and distributed consistency is proposed, while power interchange is dispatched across different regional power systems according to tie-line power flow and the bias of frequency. Firstly, the frequency response models for different types of frequency regulation units are established. Then, considering the frequency regulation economy, a power dynamic allocation optimization model is constructed, with the objective of minimizing the quadratic cost function of active power variation constrained by active power output and power balance. It is also proved that the objective of economic optimization for frequency regulation can be fulfilled by setting reasonable coefficients, without directly solving the optimization problem. Hence, an AGC frequency control strategy based on distributed consistency algorithm is proposed to determine the settings of intra-regional AGC commands. Finally, taking a three-area interconnected power system as an example, the results show that the proposed strategy can effectively improve frequency regulation performance and reduce the frequency regulation cost.

Resonance Suppression of Photovoltaic DC Boost Collection System Based on Active and Passive Damping Cooperative Control

Pengcheng PAN, Wenshun HAN, Xueli GUO

2025, 58(3):  20-30.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202402044

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In a photovoltaic DC collection system, the impedance matching between the LC circuit and switching circuit in the DC/DC converter is easy to generate resonance, which leads to the system stability deterioration or even collapse. In order to solve the resonant problem of the converter due to impedance matching, the active and passive damping cooperative control is proposed to eliminate the resonance. Firstly, the small-signal impedance model of the converter under different operating conditions is established. Secondly, the impedance ratio criterion is used to analyze the stability differences of the system, and the influence of different virtual resistance values on the system stability is discussed. Finally, by using the ratio of the equivalent impedance amplitude between the angular frequency point at which the resonance peak is generated and its neighboring normal angular frequency point limited between [0.95, 1.15], the closed-loop output impedance amplitude of the converter under MPPT control with the value of the damping resistor is obtained to be improved by about 1.5 times. The results show that compared with only active or passive damping control, the proposed cooperative control strategy increases the amplitude at resonance generation from -15dB to 40.5dB, which is about 4 times, and the system has large amplitude margin and phase margin, which effectively improve the stability of the system.

Improved Coordinated Control Strategy of Multi-terminal DC Grids Considering Frequency Adaptation and Fast Stabilization Characteristics

Yunrui WU, Jianpo ZHANG, Xincheng TIAN, Kaifeng YING, Zhong CHEN

2025, 58(3):  31-42.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202406059

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Multi-terminal flexible DC transmission (VSC-MTDC) technology has a wide range of application prospects in large-scale and wide-range multiple types of renewable energy grid-connection and outward transmission. To address the influence of AC-DC coupling on DC voltage and AC system frequency under large unbalanced power disturbances of flexible DC network, an improved coordinated control strategy based on DC voltage sag control is firstly proposed to eliminate the DC network voltage deviation from the rated operation point before and after the disturbances. And then the adaptive sag coefficients are introduced to improve the DC network voltage steady state recovery rate and certain control reliability. Thirdly, the adaptive capacity enhancement of the improved coordination control frequency is analyzed in order to realize the participation of converter station in AC system frequency regulation and control, and to make up for the lack of AC-side FM capacity. Finally, a simulation model of new energy transmission via four-terminal DC grid is constructed based on the PSCAD/EMTDC, which verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed improved coordinated control strategy and its AC grid frequency regulation.

Analysis of Power System Flexibility Regulation Adequacy Based on Mathematical Morphology

Feng ZHANG, Hengjian FAN, Hui DENG, Le FANG, Ziqing ZHOU, Zhiyi LI

2025, 58(3):  43-54.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202403040

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As the proportion of renewable energy in the power system increases, the demand for flexible regulation in the power system also increases. Whether the flexibility resources in the system can meet the regulation demand has become an urgent problem to be solved in the construction process of the new power system. Based on the theory of morphological decomposition, a model for analyzing the adequacy of flexible regulation capacity of the power system considering the characteristics of energy storage is established. Two different operators are used for morphological decomposition, and the results of the decomposition of the system's flexible regulation capacity adequacy are obtained from the net load curve of the power system. Then, for different flexible regulation demands, the flexible regulation capacity adequacy of flexible resource systems with different installed capacities is calculated. Based on the actual operating data of a provincial power system, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified, and the minimum installed capacity of energy storage required to meet the adequacy of full system flexible regulation capacity is calculated.

Bi-level Capacity Optimization for Battery/Thermal Energy Storage System in Multi-energy Complementary Power Generation System

Pai LI, Hui LU, Chi LI, Hongbo DU

2025, 58(3):  55-64.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202403093

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Multi-energy complementary power generation system can fully utilize the complementary advantages of wind-PV-thermal-battery sources and improve energy efficiency. It is of great significance for the construction of low-carbon new power system. Capacity coordinated optimization of battery/thermal energy storage in multi-energy complementary power generation system can reduce the investment costs of power system, and improve the utilization rate of renewable energy and continuous power supply. In this paper, multi-energy complementary power generation system with wind-PV-thermal-battery sources is studied, and a bi-level capacity coordinated optimization model of this system is established. The upper-level model optimizes the capacity of battery/thermal energy storage with the maximum annual net income of this system. The lower-level model optimizes the power shortage in this system, and optimize the generation operation status of this system by considering the constraints such as continuous power supply, wind-PV-thermal-battery sources operation, utilization rate of renewable energy, etc. To solve this bi-level model, a linearization method for nonlinear constraints model is proposed, and a heuristic algorithm based on the combination of value function and branch-bound is designed to obtain the efficient solution. Based on a typical example of multi-energy complementary power generation system, the experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed bi-level model and algorithm.

A Searching Method for the Worst Operating Condition of Oscillatory Stability in New Energy Systems Based on Metaheuristic Algorithm

Linguang WANG, Xutao LI, Yong REN, Xiaorong XIE

2025, 58(3):  65-72.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202404131

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With the massive integration of new energy, the oscillation problem caused by the interaction between power electronics devices and the grid is becoming prominent. In the planning and operation stage of power system, it is necessary to assess the risk of system oscillation and analyze this risk under severe operating conditions. Therefore, how to search the worst operating conditions has become a key problem to solve. In this paper, an oscillatory worst condition search method is proposed based on metaheuristic algorithm. In this method, the operating condition variables are first selected in according with the system. Then, an oscillation stability analysis function is constructed based on logarithmic derivative method. After that, metaheuristic algorithm is selected to identify the worst operating condition of oscillatory stability. Finally, the risk of system oscillation is analyzed according to the worst operating condition. This method is applied to an actual large-scale wind power integration system, resulting in the worst operating condition is calculated and the risk of system oscillation is evaluated.

Multi-terminal Heterogeneous Generalized Impedance Modeling and Analysis of MMC-MTDC Transmission Systems

Guoliang ZHOU, Liping GAO, Yanqiao LIANG, Wenjin LI, Xin WANG

2025, 58(3):  73-85.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202405012

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The prominent risks of broadband oscillation among renewable energy, modular multilevel converter-based multi-terminal high voltage direct current (MMC-MTDC) and AC grid severely constrain the safe and stable operation and efficient accommodation of renewable energy. The control strategies of different converter stations of MMC-MTDC are various such as constant AC voltage, constant DC voltage and constant power control, and there is a strong nonlinear coupling between the multi-terminal converter stations, which brings challenges to the modeling and analysis of the system oscillation. Therefore, a modular modeling method of MMC-MTDC control system considering positive- sequence and negative-sequence control is firstly proposed in this paper. And then, aiming to the complex AC and DC grid structures, a generalized impedance model of different sections of MMC-MTDC is established with the multi-terminal nonlinear coupling considered. Finally, taking the three-terminal MMC-MTDC ring network as an example, simulation is conducted to verify the accuracy and validity of the generalized impedance model. The coupling effects of the multi-terminal interconnection system and the positive-sequence control and negative-sequence control on the impedance characteristics are analyzed, which will provide a basis for the oscillation analysis of renewable energy base connected into MMC-MTDC interconnection system.

A Load Control User Combinatorial Optimization Method Considering Electric Vehicle and Temperature-Controlled Load Clusters

Siwei LI, Zhongping XU, Long YU, Lishi DU, Liang YUE, Xirun ZHANG, Xiaoming WANG

2025, 58(3):  86-97.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202402070

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As the construction of the new power system continues to deepen, the power system faces such problems as large peak-to-valley difference and high volatility, and the use of user-side resources to participate in load control is one of the important initiatives to solve the above-said problems. In this paper, a load control user combinatorial optimization method considering electric vehicle (EV) and temperature-controlled load clusters is proposed. Firstly, a hierarchical control method is used to aggregate individual EVs and temperature-controlled load clusters, and the aggregated clusters are divided into peak load shifting type and peak load shedding type according to their willingness to participate in load control types, and their respective user load control models are established. Secondly, a three-stage rebound load model is constructed to solve the load rebound problem after peak load shifting users participate in load control. And then, a load control influence function is established with consideration of the influence degree of users participating in load control. Finally, the composition of user groups participating in peak load shifting and shedding and the adjustment amount of user load are optimized with the minimum load control influence, minimum network loss and minimum load fluctuation as multi-objectives. While meeting the demand of load control, the proposed method can effectively inhibit the new peak load caused by the rebound of load after users participating in load control, as a result, realizing the good interaction of supply and demand between distributed load resources and the power system.

An Analytical Calculation Method for Total Transfer Capability of Transmission Section Based on Evaluation of System Short Circuit Capability

Yao LIU, Ziheng LI, Zixuan ZHENG, Donghui SONG, Xiaoteng LI, Ding ZHANG, Jie REN, Qi XIE

2025, 58(3):  98-107.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202402004

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In the HVDC sending-end system, the system's short-circuit capacity is mainly provided by conventional generating units. When the operating mode of conventional generating units changes and the short-circuit capacity changes, it will have a significant impact on the system's safety and stability characteristics. The existing section total transfer capability calculation methods often ignore the key variable of short-circuit capacity when verifying the system's safety and stability, which may lead to calculation errors. Therefore, this paper proposes a section total transfer capability analytical calculation method based on short-circuit capacity evaluation. Firstly, the system security and stability constraints considering the short-circuit capacity are constructed. Then, the contribution index of conventional generating units to the system's short-circuit capacity is proposed, and a section total transfer capability analytical calculation method is proposed based on this index. Finally, taking a certain power grid in Northwest China as an example, the effectiveness of this method is verified through case analysis in the power system analysis and simulation program.

New-Type Power Grid

Sen Transformer Differential Protection Scheme Based on Magnetic Circuit Coupling

Tao ZHENG, Jiaxu YU, Chengxi SUI, You SHEN, Yushi XUE, Jian WU

2025, 58(3):  108-118.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202311125

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As a power flow control device, Sen transformer changes the amplitude and phase of voltage and current at both ends of the access line through gear adjustment to achieve power flow regulation. However, due to its complex and compact wiring form and internal structure, Sen transformers have more complex fault characteristics than ordinary power transformers, which brings difficulties to their ontology protection configuration. In order to solve this problem, this paper analyzes the topology of Sen transformer and establishes a differential protection scheme based on physical principles such as Kirchhoff's current law and electromagnetic induction law. The scheme installs TA at the input end, output end of Sen transformer and the end section of the winding of the excitation unit, and by configuring the Sen transformer with balance differential protection and magnetic balance differential protection, it can reflect the turn-to-turn fault and turn-to-turn fault of each winding of Sen transformer, as well as the short circuit fault of the leads between the windings, which effectively solves the problem of difficult protection configuration for Sen transformer body. Finally, the PSCAD/EMTDC simulation platform is used to verify the feasibility of the proposed scheme, which provides a theoretical support for the subsequent in-depth research and engineering application of Sen transformer.

Review of the Application of Graph Database and Graph Computing in Power System Dispatch and Operation

Pei ZHANG, Majing YANG, Fang ZHANG, Hua XIE, Guangyi LIU, Wenyun LI, Xuegang LU, Zhenyi WANG, Suwei ZHAI

2025, 58(3):  119-131.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202404121

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As the widespread integration of new energy and interconnection of large power grids, the operation modes of power systems are undergoing transformations, which leads to a fast surge in data volumes and higher demands for real-time information processing, and makes system correlations increasingly complex. To meet the characteristics of new power systems, which are large in scale, instantaneous in time, and complex in association, advanced technological methods are needed to achieve efficient data analysis and computation. This paper conducts an in-depth investigation and review of the applications of graph databases and graph computing in power systems. It firstly introduces the basic concepts and development history of graph databases and graph computing, and then systematically reviews the specific application cases of these technologies in power systems with categorized summary. The investigation reveals that graph databases and graph computing have achieved a initial success in application to power systems, which can effectively handling large-scale, complex associated data, significantly improving the efficiency and accuracy of data analysis and computation in power systems. Moreover, the prospects for the application of graph databases and graph computing in power systems are broad. As these technologies continue to develop and improve, they will play an increasingly important role in the intelligent, automated, and efficient operation of power systems.

Optimal Scheduling Method for Multi-infeed Receiving-End Power Grids Under Frequency Deviation and Voltage Stiffness Constraints

Shuyi SHEN, Guoteng WANG, Yangqing DAN, Feifei SUN, Ying HUANG, Zheng XU

2025, 58(3):  132-141.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202311097

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The ultra high voltage direct current (UHVDC) transmission system based on line commutation converters (LCCs) is the main technical means for long-distance and high-capacity transmission. To avoid DC power reduction events caused by insufficient system stability margin, an optimal scheduling method for multi-infeed receiving-end power grids considering stability constraints is proposed. Firstly, based on the primary frequency regulation model, the frequency stability constraint for the system’s maximum DC transmission power is derived. Secondly, a voltage stiffness index is proposed to evaluate the recovery characteristics of the HVDC commutation failures, and based on this index, the voltage stability constraint is established. Then, considering the frequency and voltage stability constraints as well as various operational constraints, an optimal scheduling model is established for the multi-infeed receiving-end power grids. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through testing on a modified IEEE 39-bus system. The results show that the proposed method can meet the system frequency and voltage stability requirements by changing the unit commitment and DC power, thus avoiding the safety and stability risks caused by strong DC and weak AC.

High Reusability Verification Platform for Artificial Intelligence Applications in Power Grid Dispatching and Control Field

Zhiyuan GAO, Weijin ZHUANG, Feng LI, Fang YU, Hong ZHANG, Yan WANG, Min XIA

2025, 58(3):  142-150.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202407038

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In recent years, the trend of intelligent development in the field of power grid dispatching and control has been obvious. However, due to the black box nature of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology itself, correctness and reliability verification is becoming increasingly important. Constructing a reusable supporting platform that can support verification of various AI models is particularly urgent. A three-layer verification platform architecture including infrastructure, platform services, and application services is thus proposed based on an analysis of the needs and issues. The operation mode of AI model validation under this architecture is analyzed, and the key technologies such as case and sample reusing, containerization and mirroring, as well as multi framework and algorithm integration are studied. Finally, the related development and implementation are also carried out. This platform has achieved unified management and reuse of computing power and data resources, compatibility with different AI frameworks and algorithm libraries, dynamic generation of verification scenarios, etc., laying a foundation for the future promotion and application of AI technology in the field of power grid dispatching.

An Optimization Method for Configuration of Line Terminal Units Based on Topology-Based Data Collection in Low-Voltage Distribution Areas

Guang XU, Jun KUANG, Hongyan SONG, Zehu ZHANG, Xiangyu ZANG, Nianshang ZHANG, Yumin ZHANG

2025, 58(3):  151-161.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202409048

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In order to solve the problem of excessive and inefficient allocation of acquisition terminals in the existing low-voltage distribution areas, which leads to high cost of intelligent transformation of the station areas, an optimization method for configuration of line terminal units (LTU) based on the topology of low-voltage distribution station areas is proposed. Firstly, in order to effectively distinguish the branch points, box transformers, branch boxes and the incoming and outcoming switches, based on the concept of zero injection node of distribution network, the supplementary rules of zero injection node in low-voltage distribution station areas are proposed. Secondly, combined with the topological observability criterion, taking the isolated point as the search starting point, the observable tree search method in the low-voltage distribution station area is proposed. Thirdly, to address the problem of unreasonable configuration of acquisition terminals in low-voltage distribution station areas caused by the addition of zero injection nodes, an optimization method for configuration of LTUs based on topology of low-voltage distribution station areas is proposed. Finally, a low-voltage distribution area in Shandong province is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Sampling Loop Test Check Evaluation of Secondary System based on VAE-WSVM Data Mining

Xiangguo YIN, Huijuan LIU, Guanyu ZHANG, Yurong MAO, Shiyu GONG

2025, 58(3):  162-167.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202405011

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Analyze the hidden dangers existing in the sampling circuit of the secondary system, and in view of the defects that the existing methods are difficult to obtain large amount of data, based on the historical measurement data, the variational autoencoder is used to achieve data proliferation, and then the support vector machine model is trained on the proliferated data set, and the important parameters of the model are improved by using the grey wolf optimization algorithm, and the error range of the secondary system sampling is classified and checked. The experimental results show that the classification model trained by the proposed method has a good evaluation effect.

Mid-long Term Urban Power Load Forecasting Based on Data-Driven Spatio-temporal Networks

Qingchao SUN, Jialiang LI, Wanli JIANG, Ruoyu WANG, Zhipeng LI, Yarong HU, Jianbin ZHU

2025, 58(3):  168-174.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202406064

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In order to ensure the quality of urban power grid planning and balance the power and electricity, accurate medium and long-term load forecasting becomes particularly. In view of the shortcomings of existing methods in utilizing the spatial correlation between urban areas, a prediction method based on dynamic time warping (DTW) and sp-temporal attention graph convolution (ASTGCN) is proposed. Firstly, the correlation between different regions in the target city is deeply analyzed to establish a coupling relationship., the DTW algorithm is used to construct an adjacency matrix to capture the spatiotemporal correlation between different regions in the city. Then, the ASTGC model is applied to predict the load of each region to capture the spatiotemporal characteristics of the load. Finally, the overall urban prediction load is obtained by the prediction results of each region. The experimental results show that the proposed method can capture the spatiotemporal relationship in the city more comprehensively and significantly improve accuracy of medium and long-term load forecasting.

New Energy and Energy Storage

Model of High-Proportion New Energy Distribution Network Planning Based on Data-Driven Approach

Jie WANG, Fei ZHENG, Pengcheng ZHANG, Ludong CHEN, Hua GAO, Jingrong MENG

2025, 58(3):  175-182.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202405121

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In response to the transformation of the power grid form and to promote the local consumption of distributed resources, a three-layer planning model for highportion new energy distribution networks based on data-driven is proposed. The decision-making layer uses an improved K-means algorithm to determine the load center and the distributed power source, and divides the distribution network grid based on the source-load balance relationship. The planning layer aims to minimize the comprehensive investment cost and proposes a configuration scheme for the construction distributed power sources and the network structure within the grid. The operation layer model aims to minimize the comprehensive operation cost, promote the good interaction of resources within the grid, the mutual assistance of resources between grids. The three-layer planning model combines the planning and operation of the distribution network, fully mines multi-source information such as power sources and, and realizes multi-dimensional linkage of distribution network resources in the resource space and grid interaction in the spatial space. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified through an improved swarm optimization algorithm.

A Joint Scenario Generation Method for Wind-Solar Meteorological Resources Based on Improved Generative Adversarial Network

Tonghai JIANG, Feng WANG, Ziqi LIU, Shuaijie SHAN

2025, 58(3):  183-192.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202410048

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With the large-scale development of renewable energy, the volatility and uncertainty of wind and solar meteorological resources have a great impact on the safe and stable operation of the power system. To support the power system planning and decision-making, and overcome the uncertainty of meteorological resources in predicting new energy power, this paper proposes a wind-solar meteorological resource joint scenario generation method based on the deep convolutional generative adversarial networks (DCGAN). Firstly, based on the spatial distribution pattern of wind and photovoltaic power stations, the spatial distribution of new energy stations are associated with meteorological factors. Secondly, the DCGAN technology is used to simulate the long time series scenarios of wind speed-irradiance meteorological elements, thus achieving the joint scenario generation of wind- solar resources in a regional scope; Next, the K-medoids method is used to reduce the redundance scenarios and keep the typical scenarios at the cluster center, subsequently realizing the direct evaluation of the scenario generation effects. And then, the meteorological elements are converted into wind power and photovoltaic output, thus achieving the indirect evaluation of typical scenarios. Finally, the effectiveness of the scenario generation algorithm is tested through analyzing the direct and indirect evaluation results of the meteorological element generation scenarios. The case study results show that the typical scenarios generated based on the DCGAN model can effectively reflect the spatial distribution of wind-solar resources in the region, and the proposed method has good applicability in generating meteorological element scenarios.

Multi-level Evaluation Index System and Application of Grid-Connected Performance of Grid-Forming Energy Storage Converters

Yushan LIU, Junru CHEN, Xiqiang CHANG, Muyang LIU

2025, 58(3):  193-203.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202404129

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To evaluate the active support capability of grid-forming energy storage converters, a set of quantitative evaluation index system is proposed to evaluate the performance and effectiveness of the current mainstream converter control strategies. Firstly, from the perspective of voltage and frequency stability, the characteristics of power, voltage, and frequency under multi-time scales are observed. Considering the power support density and energy support density, a set of quantitative evaluation indicators system for the three-level performance of "single machine-substation-grid" is proposed. Then, based on the Matlab/Simulink simulation platform, a single-machine infinite system model of the energy storage converters based on grid-following (GFL) and grid-forming (GFM) controls is built, and the proposed single-machine side indicators are analyzed and calculated. And a large-scale power grid model in the Southern Xinjiang region is also built based on the DIgSILENT simulation platform to verify the effectiveness of the proposed field station side and grid side indicators. The research findings demonstrate from the perspective of indices that the GFM control has better support capabilities than the GFL control. The proposed evaluation index system can provide a reference for field testing of GFM energy storage system demonstration projects and selection of location and capacity for GFM energy storage stations.

Optimization of Energy Storage Profit Considering Carbon Emission Constraints and Market Participation

Xianghai XU, Jiayi SHANG, Tianyu ZHAO, Yingfei GONG, Weibin HE, Yachen TANG

2025, 58(3):  204-212.  DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202407043

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With the growing demands for energy supply and environmental protection, energy storage operations and charging strategies need to align with the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. This paper proposed a method for optimizing energy storage profits considering carbon emission constraints and market participation, and defined an unified data model for both the physical grid and optimization computations. The proposed method incorporated the carbon emissions limits during the charging/discharging process of energy storage to meet the requirements of environmental regulations and carbon reduction standards, and included various constraints related to storage configuration and management, such as storage capacity, charging/discharging power limits, and energy exchange balance within the system. Based on the real data of a feeder provided by a provincial power supply company, the maximized energy storage profits were calculated using the proposed method.