Frequency Security Constrained Optimal Operation of Low-Inertia Power Systems: Review and Prospects

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202502018

Abstract

Abstract:

With the rapid increase in penetration rate of power electronic interface resources, the level of power system inertia is significantly reduced, and the frequency dynamic characteristics of the power system dominated by the traditional synchronous machine undergoes a profound change. In this paper, we systematically sort out the key issues, modeling methods and solution strategies for the frequency security constrained optimization operation of low-inertia power systems, analyze the limitations of the existing researches, and propose the future research directions. Firstly, on the basis of elucidating the difficult problems and challenges facing the optimal operation of low-inertia power systems, the research progress of the optimal operation model of low-inertia power systems is summarized from three time scales: day-ahead, intra-day, and real-time. And then, the multi-category reconstruction methods for nonlinear frequency security constraints and the approaches to handle source-load uncertainty are discussed in-depth. Finally, the cutting-edge directions such as multi-timescale coordinated optimization and interactive influences of power electronic devices are outlined, aiming to provide insights for optimizing operation and ensuring frequency security of China's new power system under low-inertia conditions.

Key words: inertia, frequency security, optimal operation, dispatch control, unit commitment, optimal power flow

FU Guobin, YANG Kaixuan, SUN Haibin, WEN Qixuan, ZHAO Huanbei, WEN Yunfeng. Frequency Security Constrained Optimal Operation of Low-Inertia Power Systems: Review and Prospects[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(9): 148-163.

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URL: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/EN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202502018

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References 98

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项目	鲁棒优化	随机优化	机会约束	区间优化
概率分布函数	不需要	需要	需要	不需要
求解难度	低	高	高	低
缺点	过于保守	区间要求较为严格	场景不足过多风险	区间要求较为严格
适用场景	短期调度和极端场景控制	中长期优化	具有较大规模的优化问题	基于概率的优化问题

项目	鲁棒优化	随机优化	机会约束	区间优化
概率分布函数	不需要	需要	需要	不需要
求解难度	低	高	高	低
缺点	过于保守	区间要求较为严格	场景不足过多风险	区间要求较为严格
适用场景	短期调度和极端场景控制	中长期优化	具有较大规模的优化问题	基于概率的优化问题

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