Co-Optimization of Inertia and Droop Control Coefficient for Grid-Forming Photovoltaic-Storage System Considering Capacity Limits

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202404142

Abstract

Abstract:

As the renewable energy's share in the power system continues to increase, the inertia level of the system gradually decreases. The effective approach to tackle frequency stability issues is to configure energy storage to enable photovoltaic (PV) power generation to provide inertia and primary frequency regulation support. Excessively small frequency support parameters cannot fully utilize the frequency regulation capabilities of the photovoltaic-storage system, while excessively large parameters may lead to power limit violations of the energy storage or converter during transient processes, posing a risk of equipment damage. To address this, an optimized configuration method for the inertia and primary frequency regulation parameters of photovoltaic-storage systems, considering capacity constraints, is proposed. Firstly, an analytical relationship between frequency deviation, frequency dead zone, primary frequency regulation coefficient, and converter output is established based on the control equations of the grid-forming photovoltaic-storage system. This relationship allows deriving the feasible boundary of the primary frequency regulation coefficient that ensures the converter and energy storage outputs do not exceed their limits. Secondly, with the constraints of the photovoltaic-storage system's capacity limits and its dynamic equations for participating in transient frequency support, an optimization model for maximizing the frequency nadir of the photovoltaic-storage system is established to determine the optimal virtual inertia coefficient. Finally, simulation analyses verify that the proposed method can fully utilize the transient frequency support capabilities of the photovoltaic-storage system under various scenarios while satisfying capacity constraints.

Key words: grid-forming photovoltaic energy storage system, capacity limitation, primary frequency regulation, inertia response, parameter optimization

Yingjie HU, Qiang LI, Qun LI. Co-Optimization of Inertia and Droop Control Coefficient for Grid-Forming Photovoltaic-Storage System Considering Capacity Limits[J]. Electric Power, 2024, 57(10): 115-122.

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URL: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/EN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202404142

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/EN/Y2024/V57/I10/115

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符号	含义	大小
S_B/(MV·A)	基准容量	1
f_N/Hz	额定频率	50
U_N/kV	交流系统额定电压	10
P_L(p.u.)	负荷有功功率	5
H_G/s	等值同步机惯量	120
R_G/%	同步机一次调差系数	0.4
F_H	发电机组原动机中高压缸做功所占比例	0.3
S/(MV·A)	变流器容量	1.6
P_ESSM/MW	储能单元容量	0.3
D	VSG阻尼系数	10
Δf_max/Hz	允许的最大频率偏差	0.8

符号	含义	大小
S_B/(MV·A)	基准容量	1
f_N/Hz	额定频率	50
U_N/kV	交流系统额定电压	10
P_L(p.u.)	负荷有功功率	5
H_G/s	等值同步机惯量	120
R_G/%	同步机一次调差系数	0.4
F_H	发电机组原动机中高压缸做功所占比例	0.3
S/(MV·A)	变流器容量	1.6
P_ESSM/MW	储能单元容量	0.3
D	VSG阻尼系数	10
Δf_max/Hz	允许的最大频率偏差	0.8

算例	初始有功功率(p.u.)	剩余有功容量(p.u.)	最大一次调频系数
1	1.5	0.06	0.61
2	1.4	0.16	7.19
3	1.3	0.26	13.76
4	1.2	0.30	16.45
5	1.1	0.30	16.45

算例	初始有功功率(p.u.)	剩余有功容量(p.u.)	最大一次调频系数
1	1.5	0.06	0.61
2	1.4	0.16	7.19
3	1.3	0.26	13.76
4	1.2	0.30	16.45
5	1.1	0.30	16.45

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