A quantitative evaluation method for power system inertia considering the proportion of multiple resources in operation

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202509069

Abstract

Abstract:

With high-proportion new energy grid integration, power system inertia characteristics have evolved fundamentally, and traditional methods relying on synchronous units can hardly meet new-type power system needs. This paper proposes an inertia quantification method based on multi-dimensional inertia resource operation proportion: first, a multi-resource inertia assessment model (covering synchronous units, new energy, DC transmission, flexible loads and energy storage) is built, systematically analyzing various resources’ inertia support mechanisms; second, differentiated quantitative modeling is conducted for each resource’s inertia characteristics to characterize their inertia contribution under different conditions, with an innovative inertia statistical method based on capacity proportion weight proposed for comprehensive assessment of overall inertia; finally, multi-scenario verification is done via PSD-BPA and the proposed frequency response model. In the CSEE small system’s 80 MW load-shedding scenario, the steady-state frequency and maximum frequency deviation errors versus PSD-BPA measured values are only 0.023% and 8.809%.

Key words: multi-resource power system, inertia evaluation, renewable energy

YAN Zhaoyang, LI Jie, LIU Shaofeng, DING Chaojie, ZHOU Tian, CHANG Kang, YANG Li. A quantitative evaluation method for power system inertia considering the proportion of multiple resources in operation[J]. Electric Power, 2026, 59(4): 59-69.

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URL: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/EN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202509069

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/EN/Y2026/V59/I4/59

Figures/Tables 10

Fig.1 Multi-machine system frequency response model

Fig.2 CESS system topology

Fig.3 Comparison of frequency curves under different inertia evaluation conditions

Table 1 Frequency characteristics of power system under different inertia evaluation conditions

方案	S₀/(Hz·s^–1)	f_ss/Hz	Δf_max/Hz
1	–0.04837	49.96185	–0.09275
2	–0.04973	49.95026	–0.10171
3	–0.06122	49.92643	–0.13161

Table 2 Statistical table of installed capacity of various types of planned power supply in a regional power grid

电源	装机容量/MW	占比/%
煤电	284463	31.71
燃机	76656	8.54
核电	30050	3.35
抽蓄	14062	1.56
风电	127305	14.19
光伏	337750	37.68
储能	26700	2.97

Fig.4 Distribution of units in a certain area

Table 3 Comparison of inertia of power system in three scenarios

场景	资源类型	惯性时间常数/s	惯量贡献占比/%	系统总惯性时间常数/s
传统电力系统	火电机组	4.7	80	4.6
传统电力系统	感应电动机	0.5	10	4.6
高比例新能源接入	风电机组	1.3	25	3.8
	光伏系统	1.7	30
	火电机组	4.7	45
储能侧和电网侧参与惯量支撑	火电机组	4.7	30	4.2
	风电机组	1.3	15
	光伏系统	1.7	15
	储能系统	2.1	40

Fig.5 Frequency deviation curve under disturbance setting

Fig.6 Comparison of the frequency change rate when new energy participates in frequency regulation

Fig.7 Comparison of the lowest point of frequency when new energy participates in frequency regulation

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